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Anderson shelters, designed in 1938 and built to hold up to six people, were in common use in the UK. Indoor shelters known as Morrison shelters were introduced as well. Air raid shelters are still in use to some extent in various nations such as Spain, Switzerland, Israel, Singapore and Taiwan.
c. 6) came into force, compelling all local authorities to begin creating their own ARP services. [3] Air raid shelters were distributed from 1938. [1] [3] With the threat of war imminent in 1939, the Home Office issued dozens of leaflets advising people on how to protect themselves from the inevitable air war to follow.
The Anderson shelter was designed in 1938 by William Paterson and Oscar Carl (Karl) Kerrison in response to a request from the Home Office. It was named after Sir John Anderson , then Lord Privy Seal with special responsibility for preparing air-raid precautions immediately prior to the outbreak of World War II, and it was he who then initiated ...
25 February – the first Anderson shelter (a household air raid shelter) is built in London. [5] 27 February – Borley Rectory, a reputed haunted house in Essex, is destroyed by fire. [5] 31 March – Britain pledges support to Poland in the event of an invasion. [6] 4 April – the Royal Armoured Corps is formed.
While military units have long built defensive structures to protect against various kinds of hostile bombardment, the use of the phrase "bomb shelter" can be traced at least as far back as 1833. A dictionary from that year defines a "casement" as "a bomb-proof shelter for soldiers in garrison". [2]
An Anderson shelter. Mary Anderson and Nellie Mackenzie had preceded Anderson to England and rented a house at 11 Chepstow Villas in Notting Hill for nine guineas a week (equivalent to £669 in 2023). Although this was a bargain, Anderson feared that his income would not be sufficient to keep up the rental payments.
The UK Ministry of Health advertised the evacuation programme through posters, among other means. The poster depicted here was used in the London Underground.. The evacuation of civilians in Britain during the Second World War was designed to defend individuals, especially children, from the risks associated with aerial bombing of cities by moving them to areas thought to be less at risk.
The first major air raid on Liverpool took place in August 1940, when 160 bombers attacked the city on the night of 28 August. This assault continued over the next three nights, then regularly for the rest of the year. There were 50 raids on the city during this three-month period. Some of these were minor, comprisin