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A constant-speed propeller is a variable-pitch propeller that automatically changes its blade pitch in order to maintain a chosen rotational speed, regardless of the operational conditions of the aircraft. This is achieved by use of a constant-speed unit (CSU) or propeller governor, which automatically changes the propeller's blade pitch.
A 6-bladed Hamilton Standard 568F propeller on an ATR 72 short-haul airliner. Lowry [27] quotes a propeller efficiency of about 73.5% at cruise for a Cessna 172.This is derived from his "Bootstrap approach" for analyzing the performance of light general aviation aircraft using fixed pitch or constant speed propellers.
Constant-speed propeller control system simplifies this for the pilot by introducing a propeller governor, where the lever controls the desired propeller speed instead of the pitch angle. Once the pilot has set the desired propeller speed, the propeller governor maintains that propeller speed by adjusting the pitch of the propeller blades ...
Hand starting of aircraft piston engines by swinging the propeller is the oldest and simplest method, the absence of any onboard starting system giving an appreciable weight saving. Positioning of the propeller relative to the crankshaft is arranged such that the engine pistons pass through top dead centre during the swinging stroke.
Certified version: four-cylinder, fuel-injected, horizontally opposed, air-cooled direct drive, 390 cubic inches (6.39 litres), 215 hp (160 kW) at 2700 rpm. This model is the same as the C1A6, except that the propeller governor is located on left front of the crankcase. Certified 25 January 2016. [6] IO-390-C3A6
Power 100 hp (75 kW) at 2450 rpm, dry weight 236 lb (107 kg) Similar to O-235-C1 except ignition timing, lower rpm and power. Optional 2 position or automatic propeller governor drive. [2] O-235-C1B Power 115 hp (86 kW) at 2800 rpm, dry weight 245 lb (111 kg) Similar to O-235-C1 except with retard breaker magnetos. [2] O-235-C1C
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A propeller speed reduction unit is a gearbox or a belt and pulley device used to reduce the output revolutions per minute (rpm) from the higher input rpm of the powerplant. [1] This allows the use of small displacement internal combustion engines to turn aircraft propellers within an efficient speed range.