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The following is a list of the world's oldest surviving physical documents. Each entry is the most ancient of each language or civilization. For example, the Narmer Palette may be the most ancient from Egypt, but there are many other surviving written documents from Egypt later than the Narmer Palette but still more ancient than the Missal of Silos.
An extreme case is the Vedic Sanskrit of the Rigveda: the earliest parts of this text date to c. 1500 BC, [1] while the oldest known manuscripts date to c. 1040 AD. [2] Similarly the oldest Avestan texts, the Gathas, are believed to have been composed before 1000 BC, but the oldest Avestan manuscripts date from the 13th century AD. [3]
It is one of the oldest well-preserved New Testament manuscripts known to exist. Its original editor assigned the codex to the early third century, or around AD 200, on the basis of its style of handwriting. [ 1 ]
Apollonius penned eight books in the "The Conics" series, with two books including an 11th-century Arabic manuscript, Turkish online news outlet Türkiye Today reported. The books were written ...
The Basmala as written on the Birmingham muṣḥaf manuscript, the oldest surviving copy of the Qur'an. Rasm: "ٮسم الله الرحمں الرحىم". The Mingana Collection, comprising over 3,000 documents, was collected by Alphonse Mingana over three trips to the Middle East in the 1920s [3] and was funded by Edward Cadbury, a philanthropist and businessman of the Birmingham-based ...
The Codex Sinaiticus (/ s ɪ ˈ n aɪ t ɪ k ə s /; [1] Shelfmark: London, British Library, Add MS 43725), also called the Sinai Bible, is a fourth-century Christian manuscript of a Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Greek Old Testament, including the deuterocanonical books, and the Greek New Testament, with both the Epistle of Barnabas and the Shepherd of Hermas included.
Codex Gigas, the largest manuscript of the World, 13th century; Codex Sinaiticus, 4th century; Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209, 4th century; Codex Bezae, 5th century; Codex Washingtonianus, 4th or 5th century; Dead Sea scrolls; Freising manuscripts, 10th century; The Garland of Howth, late 9th to early 10th centuries; Gospels of Tsar Ivan ...
The oldest manuscripts were written in a form of scroll, the medieval manuscripts usually were written in a form of codex. The late manuscripts written after the 9th century use the Masoretic Text. The important manuscripts are associated with Aaron ben Asher (especially Leningrad/Petrograd Codex). [1]