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The liturgical year, also called the church year, Christian year, ecclesiastical calendar, or kalendar, [1] [2] consists of the cycle of liturgical days and seasons that determines when feast days, including celebrations of saints, are to be observed, and which portions of scripture are to be read.
The Catholic Church's year combines two cycles of liturgical celebrations. One has been called the Proper of Time or Temporale , associated with the moveable date of Easter and the fixed date of Christmas.
The temporale (English: / t ɛ m p ɒ ˈ r eɪ l iː / or / t ɛ m p ɒ ˈ r ɑː l eɪ /) is one of the two main cycles that, running concurrently, comprise the Liturgical year in Roman Catholicism, defined by the General Roman Calendar. (The other cycle is the sanctorale.) The term comes into English from medieval Latin temporāle (from ...
The antiphons and orations in this edition are taken from ICEL's 1975 translation of the Liturgy of the Hours, with independent translations for the offices for the new saints added to the General Roman Calendar as well as the Benedictus and Magnificat antiphons for the 3-year cycle on Sundays added in the Liturgia Horarum, editio typica altera.
Because the events of sanctorale and the temporale do not occur in the same order every year, the two cycles are often written separately in liturgical books, specifically that section of the Missal known as the Breviary. [4] Accordingly, a collection of saints' lives arranged in liturgical order may also be called a sanctorale.
A translation is published by Catholic Book Publishing Corp. under the title The Liturgy of the Hours in four volumes, arranged according to the seasons of the liturgical year. The current liturgical books for the celebration of the hours in Latin are those of the editio typica altera (second typical edition) promulgated in 1985.
As a mnemonic, if the First Sunday of Advent is in November, the previous liturgical year's Ordinary Time will have 33 weeks. If it falls on December 2 or 3, it will have 34 weeks. However, if it falls on December 1, the previous year's Ordinary Time will have 34 weeks only when it is a leap year. [6]
Portions of the Gospel of John are read throughout Eastertide, and are also used for other liturgical seasons including Advent, Christmastide, and Lent where appropriate. Year A begins on the first Sunday of Advent in 2019, 2022, 2025, etc. Year B begins on the first Sunday of Advent in 2020, 2023, 2026, etc.