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Therefore, undoped conjugated polymers, such as polythiophenes, polyacetylenes only have a low electrical conductivity of around 10 −10 to 10 −8 S/cm. Even at a very low level of doping (< 1%), electrical conductivity increases several orders of magnitude up to values of around 0.1 S/cm. Subsequent doping of the conducting polymers will ...
The usual ratio of masterbatch to base polymer is 1–5%. Several masterbatches (colors and various additives) can be used together. [2] Processing machines are usually fed with premixed granules of the host polymer and the masterbatch, where the final mixing takes place in the screw and extrusion parts of the processor.
Electrical conductivity of water samples is used as an indicator of how salt-free, ion-free, or impurity-free the sample is; the purer the water, the lower the conductivity (the higher the resistivity). Conductivity measurements in water are often reported as specific conductance, relative to the conductivity of pure water at 25 °C.
Polythiazyl (polymeric sulfur nitride), (SN) x, is an electrically conductive, gold- or bronze-colored polymer with metallic luster.It was the first conductive inorganic polymer discovered [1] [2] and was also found to be a superconductor at very low temperatures (below 0.26 K).
Physical mixing processes, e.g. mixing light beams or oil paints, will follow one or a hybrid of these 3 models. [1] Each mixing model is associated with several color models, depending on the approximate primary colors used. The most common color models are optimized to human trichromatic color vision, therefore comprising three primary colors.
where is the volume fraction of the fibers in the composite (and is the volume fraction of the matrix).. If it is assumed that the composite material behaves as a linear-elastic material, i.e., abiding Hooke's law = for some elastic modulus of the composite and some strain of the composite , then equations 1 and 2 can be combined to give
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a composite material where PEDOT (the conductive polymer) provides electrical conductivity, and PSS (polystyrene sulfonate) acts as a counter-ion to balance the charge and improve the water solubility and processability of PEDOT.
Photoconductive polymer is a smart material based on conductive polymer, and the electrical conductivity can be controlled by the amount of radiation. The basic parameters of photoconductivity are the quantum efficiency of carrier generation( Υ {\displaystyle \Upsilon } ), the carrier mobility ( μ {\displaystyle \mu } ), electric field (E ...