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The Common Language Runtime (CLR), the virtual machine component of Microsoft.NET Framework, manages the execution of .NET programs. Just-in-time compilation converts the managed code (compiled intermediate language code) into machine instructions which are then executed on the CPU of the computer. [1]
When a .NET app runs, the just-in-time compiler (JIT) turns the CIL code into platform-specific machine code. To improve performance, .NET Framework also comes with the Native Image Generator (NGEN), which performs ahead-of-time compilation to machine code. This architecture provides language interoperability. Each language can use code written ...
The Virtual Execution System (VES) is a run-time system of the Common Language Infrastructure CLI which provides an environment for executing managed code.It provides direct support for a set of built-in data types, defines a hypothetical machine with an associated machine model and state, a set of control flow constructs, and an exception handling model.
During compilation of CLI programming languages, the source code is translated into CIL code rather than into platform- or processor-specific object code.CIL is a CPU- and platform-independent instruction set that can be executed in any environment supporting the Common Language Infrastructure, such as the .NET runtime on Windows, or the cross-platform Mono runtime.
Managed code is computer program code that requires and will execute only under the management of a Common Language Infrastructure (CLI); Virtual Execution System (VES); virtual machine, e.g. .NET, CoreFX, or .NET Framework; Common Language Runtime (CLR); or Mono. The term was coined by Microsoft.
The core components include the C# compiler, the virtual machine for the Common Language Infrastructure and the core class libraries. These components are based on the Ecma-334 and Ecma-335 standards, [27] allowing Mono to provide a standards compliant, free and open-source CLI virtual machine.
Once the code is complete, it may be compiled using Roslyn, the .NET compiler, either via Microsoft Visual Studio or the .NET command-line tools (dotnet). This converts the application from the original source code (C# or otherwise) into Common Intermediate Language (CIL), the native intermediate language of .NET.
Push address of virtual method on the stack. Object model instruction 0xDD leave <int32 (target)> Exit a protected region of code. Base instruction 0xDE leave.s <int8 (target)> Exit a protected region of code, short form. Base instruction 0xFE 0x0F localloc: Allocate space from the local memory pool. Base instruction 0xC6 mkrefany <class>