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A traditional, front-illuminated digital camera is constructed in a fashion similar to the human eye, with a lens at the front and photodetectors at the back. This traditional orientation of the sensor places the active matrix of the digital camera image sensor—a matrix of individual picture elements—on its front surface and simplifies manufacturing.
Exmor R is a back-illuminated version of Sony's CMOS image sensor. [5] Exmor R was announced by Sony on 11 June 2008 and was the world's first mass-produced implementation of the back-illuminated sensor technology. [6] [non-primary source needed] Sony claims that Exmor R is approximately twice as sensitive as a normal front illuminated sensor.
Avalanche photodiodes are photodiodes with structure optimized for operating with high reverse bias, approaching the reverse breakdown voltage. This allows each photo-generated carrier to be multiplied by avalanche breakdown , resulting in internal gain within the photodiode, which increases the effective responsivity of the device.
Under certain conditions, cameras equipped with X-Trans II and III sensors can exhibit purple flare/grid artifacts in backlit photos. [7] This occurs due to the particular arrangement of the phase detection and masking layers on the sensor. The appearance of the effect can vary with the demosaicing algorithms in use.
The first commercial digital camera back was introduced by Leaf (now part of Phase One) in 1991. [comment 1] The Leaf DCBI (Digital Camera Back I), nicknamed "The Brick", offered resolution of 4 megapixels (MP) in a 2048 × 2048 pixel format. The same CCD was used by Sinar in its equivalent sinarback. In 1994 Leaf introduced an improved model ...
A micrograph of the corner of the photosensor array of a webcam digital camera Image sensor (upper left) on the motherboard of a Nikon Coolpix L2 6 MP. The two main types of digital image sensors are the charge-coupled device (CCD) and the active-pixel sensor (CMOS sensor), fabricated in complementary MOS (CMOS) or N-type MOS (NMOS or Live MOS) technologies.
Photodiodes can be further categorized into: a. PIN Photodiodes: These photodiodes have an additional intrinsic (I) region between the P and N regions, which extends the depletion region and improves the device's performance. b. Schottky Photodiodes: In Schottky photodiodes, a metal-semiconductor junction is used instead of a PN junction.
Camera is using in house developed AVC Video Format called XAVC. The format is compressed format, achieving balanced quality and file size. Recording in color depth of 10 bits and 4:2:2 chroma subsampling is possible with Sony's XAVC codec. All Intra-frame system that compresses each frame individually to achieve best quality.