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  2. Action (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_(physics)

    In the simple case of a single particle moving with a constant velocity (thereby undergoing uniform linear motion), the action is the momentum of the particle times the distance it moves, added up along its path; equivalently, action is the difference between the particle's kinetic energy and its potential energy, times the duration for which ...

  3. Vocative case - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocative_case

    The principal marker is the vocative particle a, which causes lenition of the following initial letter. In the singular there is no special form, except for first declension nouns. These are masculine nouns that end in a broad (non-palatal) consonant, which is made slender (palatal) to build the singular vocative (as well as the singular ...

  4. Two-body problem in general relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-body_problem_in...

    The equation of motion for the particle derived above = + + can be rewritten using the definition of the Schwarzschild radius r s as = [] + + (+) which is equivalent to a particle moving in a one-dimensional effective potential = + (+) The first two terms are well-known classical energies, the first being the attractive Newtonian gravitational ...

  5. Variable-mass system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-mass_system

    It can be confusing to try to apply Newton's second law of motion directly to such a system. [1] [2] Instead, the time dependence of the mass m can be calculated by rearranging Newton's second law and adding a term to account for the momentum carried by mass entering or leaving the system. The general equation of variable-mass motion is written as

  6. Mass in special relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_in_special_relativity

    Relativistic mass is not referenced in nuclear and particle physics, [1] and a survey of introductory textbooks in 2005 showed that only 5 of 24 texts used the concept, [10] although it is still prevalent in popularizations. If a stationary box contains many particles, its weight increases in its rest frame the faster the particles are moving.

  7. Relativistic mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_mechanics

    of a point-like particle are combined into a four-dimensional bivector in terms of the 4-position X and the 4-momentum P of the particle: [8] [9] = where ∧ denotes the exterior product. This tensor is additive: the total angular momentum of a system is the sum of the angular momentum tensors for each constituent of the system.

  8. Glossary of physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_physics

    curvilinear motion The motion of a moving particle or object that conforms to a known or fixed curve. Such motion is studied with two coordinate systems: planar motion and cylindrical motion. cyclotron A type of particle accelerator in which charged particles accelerate outwards from the center along a spiral path.

  9. General relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativity

    The expansion involves a series of terms; the first terms represent Newtonian gravity, whereas the later terms represent ever smaller corrections to Newton's theory due to general relativity. [61] An extension of this expansion is the parametrized post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism, which allows quantitative comparisons between the predictions of ...