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Tanh-sinh, exp-sinh, and sinh-sinh quadrature are implemented in the C++ library Boost [3] Tanh-sinh quadrature is implemented in a macro-enabled Excel spreadsheet by Graeme Dennes. [4] Tanh-sinh quadrature is implemented in the Haskell package integration. [5] Tanh-sinh quadrature is implemented in the Python library mpmath. [6]
The two amplitude-modulated sinusoids are known as the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components, which describes their relationships with the amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier. [ A ] [ 2 ] Or in other words, it is possible to create an arbitrarily phase-shifted sine wave, by mixing together two sine waves that are 90° out of phase in ...
It is assumed that the value of a function f defined on [,] is known at + equally spaced points: < < <.There are two classes of Newton–Cotes quadrature: they are called "closed" when = and =, i.e. they use the function values at the interval endpoints, and "open" when > and <, i.e. they do not use the function values at the endpoints.
Operators given by ^ = (^ † + ^) and ^ = (^ † ^) are called the quadratures and they represent the real and imaginary parts of the complex amplitude represented by ^. [1] The commutation relation between the two quadratures can easily be calculated:
Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), a modulation method of using both an (in-phase) carrier wave and a 'quadrature' carrier wave that is 90° out of phase with the main, or in-phase, carrier Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), a phase-shift keying of using four quadrate points on the constellation diagram, equispaced around a circle
The term numerical quadrature (often abbreviated to quadrature) is more or less a synonym for "numerical integration", especially as applied to one-dimensional integrals. Some authors refer to numerical integration over more than one dimension as cubature ; [ 1 ] others take "quadrature" to include higher-dimensional integration.