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Ochre (/ ˈ oʊ k ər / OH-kər; from Ancient Greek ὤχρα (ṓkhra), from ὠχρός (ōkhrós) 'pale'), iron ochre, or ocher in American English, is a natural clay earth pigment, a mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand. [2] It ranges in colour from yellow to deep orange or brown.
Pisaster ochraceus, generally known as the purple sea star, ochre sea star, or ochre starfish, is a common seastar found among the waters of the Pacific Ocean. Identified as a keystone species , P. ochraceus is considered an important indicator for the health of the intertidal zone .
They were named after their burials, which used large quantities of ochre, normally red, to cover both the bodies of the dead and grave goods.Sometimes they are known as the Moorehead Phase of the Laurentian Tradition or the Moorehead burial tradition after Warren K. Moorehead who brought them widely to the attention of scientists.
Encountering a vein of ochre there, they tried to mine ochre along with silver; therefore the ancients had at their disposal excellent supplies of ochre for finishing their works.” [4] Pliny the Elder fully confirms his opinion in Natural History (book thirty-three). “The best ochre is the one called Attic; its price is 2 denarii per pound.
Himba people, especially women, are famous for covering themselves with otjize paste, a cosmetic mixture of butterfat and ochre pigment. Otjize cleanses the skin over long periods due to water scarcity and protects from the hot and dry climate of the Kaokoland, as well as from insect bites.
Ochre is a clay that is colored by varying amounts of hematite, varying between 20% and 70%. [9] Red ochre contains unhydrated hematite, whereas yellow ochre contains hydrated hematite (Fe 2 O 3 · H 2 O). The principal use of ochre is for tinting with a permanent color. [9]
Golden ochre, less often Gold Ochre (French: Ocre d’or, German: Gold Ocker от Ancient Greek: ὠχρός yellow-pale, orange or french ochre (obsolete)) — one of the most famous and brightly colored varieties of ochre — is a natural or (rarely) artificial pigment.
The Red "Lady" of Paviland (Welsh: "Dynes" Goch Pafiland) [1] is an Upper Paleolithic partial male skeleton dyed in red ochre and buried in Wales 33,000 BP (approximately 31,000 BCE). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The bones were discovered in 1823 by William Buckland in an archaeological dig at Goat's Hole Cave (Paviland cave) which is a limestone cave between ...