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In natural language processing, a word embedding is a representation of a word. The embedding is used in text analysis . Typically, the representation is a real-valued vector that encodes the meaning of the word in such a way that the words that are closer in the vector space are expected to be similar in meaning. [ 1 ]
Embedded machine learning can be achieved through various techniques, such as hardware acceleration, [171] [172] approximate computing, [173] and model optimization. [174] [175] Common optimization techniques include pruning, quantization, knowledge distillation, low-rank factorization, network architecture search, and parameter sharing.
The machine learning task for knowledge graph embedding that is more often used to evaluate the embedding accuracy of the models is the link prediction. [1] [3] [5] [6] [7] [18] Rossi et al. [5] produced an extensive benchmark of the models, but also other surveys produces similar results.
For many years, sequence modelling and generation was done by using plain recurrent neural networks (RNNs). A well-cited early example was the Elman network (1990). In theory, the information from one token can propagate arbitrarily far down the sequence, but in practice the vanishing-gradient problem leaves the model's state at the end of a long sentence without precise, extractable ...
Attention is a machine learning method that determines the relative importance of each component in a sequence relative to the other components in that sequence. In natural language processing , importance is represented by "soft" weights assigned to each word in a sentence.
As machine learning algorithms process numbers rather than text, the text must be converted to numbers. In the first step, a vocabulary is decided upon, then integer indices are arbitrarily but uniquely assigned to each vocabulary entry, and finally, an embedding is associated to the integer index.
Outline of machine learning; ... a sentence embedding is a representation of a sentence as a vector of numbers which encodes meaningful semantic information. [1] [2 ...
The reasons for successful word embedding learning in the word2vec framework are poorly understood. Goldberg and Levy point out that the word2vec objective function causes words that occur in similar contexts to have similar embeddings (as measured by cosine similarity ) and note that this is in line with J. R. Firth's distributional hypothesis .