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Expressed emotion (EE), is a measure of the family environment that is based on how the relatives of a psychiatric patient spontaneously talk about the patient. [1] It specifically measures three to five aspects of the family environment: the most important are critical comments, hostility, emotional over-involvement, with positivity and warmth sometimes also included as indications of a low ...
Individuals have some conscious control of their emotional expressions; [1] however, they need not have conscious awareness of their emotional or affective state in order to express emotion. Researchers in psychology have proposed many different and often competing theoretical models to explain emotions and emotional expression, going as far ...
Observable responses to emotion (i.e., smiling) do not have a single meaning. A smile can be used to express happiness or anxiety, while a frown can communicate sadness or anger. [4] Emotionality is often used by experimental psychology researchers to operationalize emotion in research studies. [2]
Emotional regulation in adulthood can also be examined in terms of positive and negative affectivity. [90] Positive and negative affectivity refers to the types of emotions felt by an individual as well as the way those emotions are expressed. [90]
Emotion classification, the means by which one may distinguish or contrast one emotion from another, is a contested issue in emotion research and in affective science. Researchers have approached the classification of emotions from one of two fundamental viewpoints: [citation needed] that emotions are discrete and fundamentally different constructs
Emotional contagion is a form of social contagion that involves the spontaneous spread of emotions and related behaviors. [1] [2] Such emotional convergence can happen from one person to another, or in a larger group. Emotions can be shared across individuals in many ways, both implicitly or explicitly.
Expressed emotions and adaptive functions [6] Expressed emotion Initial physiological function Evolved communicative function Fear: Increased visual field and speed of eye movement from widened eyes. Sensory hypersensitization (e.g. hearing and touch). Substantial adrenal response (e.g. Vomiting and bodily fluid evacuation).
Emotions can be expressed verbally, with facial expressions, and with gestures. Darwin's hypothesis concerning emotion stated that the way emotions are expressed is universal, and therefore independent of culture. [5] Ekman and Friesen conducted a study to test this theory.