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Other (usually smaller) sizes may occur to reduce weight or cost, including the small series flange bolts defined in ISO 4162 which typically have hexagonal head sizes corresponding to the smaller 1st choice thread size (eg. M6 small series flange bolts have 8mm hexagonal heads, as would normally be found on M5 bolts). [10]
An ASME B18.2.1 compliant cap screw has somewhat tighter tolerances than a hex bolt for the head height and the shank length. The nature of the tolerance difference allows an ASME B18.2.1 hex cap screw to always fit where a hex bolt is installed but a hex bolt could be slightly too large to be used where a hex cap screw is designed in.
Standard sizes are indicated by the nominal inner diameter in millimeters for flanges 10 through 50 mm in diameter. [2] Sizes 10, 20 and 32 are less common sizes (see Renard numbers). Some sizes share their flange dimensions with their respective larger neighbor and use the same clamp size.
A few sizes are close enough to interchange for most purposes, such as 19 mm (close to 3 ⁄ 4 inch (19.05 mm)), 8 mm (close to 5 ⁄ 16 inch (7.94 mm)) and 4 mm (close to 5 ⁄ 32 inch (3.97 mm)). In reality, a wrench with a width across the flats of exactly 15 mm would fit too tightly to use on a bolt with a width across the flats of 15 mm.
Confusion can arise because each Whitworth hexagon was originally one size larger than that of the corresponding BSF fastener. This leads to instances where for example, a spanner marked 7 ⁄ 16 BSF is the same size as one marked 3 ⁄ 8 W. In both cases the spanner jaw width of 0.710 in, the width across the hexagon flat, is the same.
The standard designation for a UTS thread is a number indicating the nominal (major) diameter of the thread, followed by the pitch measured in threads per inch.For diameters smaller than 1 / 4 inch, the diameter is indicated by an integer number defined in the standard; for all other diameters, the inch figure is given.