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In psychology, preferences refer to an individual's attitude towards a set of objects, typically reflected in an explicit decision-making process. [1] The term is also used to mean evaluative judgment in the sense of liking or disliking an object, as in Scherer (2005), [2] which is the most typical definition employed in psychology.
Parataxic distortion is a psychiatric term first used by Harry S. Sullivan to describe the inclination to skew perceptions of others based on fantasy.The "distortion" is a faulty perception of others, based not on actual experience with the other individual, but on a projected fantasy personality attributed to the individual.
The proportionality bias, also known as major event/major cause heuristic, is the tendency to assume that big events have big causes.It is a type of cognitive bias and plays an important role in people's tendency to accept conspiracy theories.
Also, the operational definition failed to include dimensions that could reliably predict the affective and interpersonal deficits in psychopathic-like youths. Due to these issues, the American Psychiatric Association removed the undersocialized and socialized distinctions from the conduct disorder description in the DSM after the third edition.
That is, novelty seeking (or sensation seeking) refers to the tendency to pursue new experiences with intense emotional sensations. It is a multifaceted behavioral construct that includes thrill seeking, novelty preference, risk taking, harm avoidance, and reward dependence.
Trait ascription and the cognitive bias associated with it have been a topic of active research for more than three decades. [2] [3] Like many other cognitive biases, trait ascription bias is supported by a substantial body of experimental research and has been explained in terms of numerous theoretical frameworks originating in various disciplines.
Splitting is the tendency to view events or people as either all bad or all good. [1] When viewing people as all good, the individual is said to be using the defense mechanism idealization : a mental mechanism in which the person attributes exaggeratedly positive qualities to the self or others.
The use of the word proactive (or pro-active) was limited to the domain of experimental psychology in the 1930s, and used with a different meaning. [3] Oxford English Dictionary (OED) [4] credits Paul Whiteley and Gerald Blankfort, citing their 1933 paper discussing proactive inhibition as the "impairment or retardation of learning or of the remembering of what is learned by effects that ...