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The command to create a local repo, git init, creates a branch named master. [61] [111] Often it is used as the integration branch for merging changes into. [112] Since the default upstream remote is named origin, [113] the default remote branch is origin/master. Some tools such as GitHub and GitLab create a default branch named main instead.
The users of the version control system can branch any branch. Branches are also known as trees, streams or codelines. The originating branch is sometimes called the parent branch, the upstream branch (or simply upstream, especially if the branches are maintained by different organizations or individuals), or the backing stream.
Experiments maintain a link to the commit in the current branch (Git HEAD) [31] as their parent or baseline. However, they do not form part of the regular Git tree (unless they are made persistent). [32] This stops temporary commits and branches from overflowing a user's repository. Common use cases [33] for experiments are:
Mercurial [open, distributed] – written in Python as an open source replacement to BitKeeper; decentralized and aims to be fast, lightweight, portable, and easy to use; Panvalet [proprietary, shared] – Around since the 1970s, source and object control for IBM mainframe computers
The word "fork" has been used to mean "to divide in branches, go separate ways" as early as the 14th century. [2] In the software environment, the word evokes the fork system call, which causes a running process to split itself into two (almost) identical copies that (typically) diverge to perform different tasks.
[1] [2] [3] Git, the world's most popular version control system, [4] is a distributed version control system. In 2010, software development author Joel Spolsky described distributed version control systems as "possibly the biggest advance in software development technology in the [past] ten years".
SCCS provides a set of commands in the form of macro invocations that perform or initiate source code management functions with a simple syntax, such as create, get, edit, prt. [16] [17] It also provides access to the revision history of files under management. These commands are implemented as argument verbs to the driver program sccs.
Mercurial is primarily a command-line driven program, but graphical user interface extensions are available, e.g. TortoiseHg, and several IDEs offer support for version control with Mercurial. All of Mercurial's operations are invoked as arguments to its driver program hg (a reference to Hg – the chemical symbol of the element mercury ).