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  2. Gene duplication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_duplication

    Gene duplication (or chromosomal duplication or gene amplification) is a major mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution. It can be defined as any duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene .

  3. Evolution by gene duplication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_by_gene_duplication

    Evolution by gene duplication is an event by which a gene or part of a gene can have two identical copies that can not be distinguished from each other. This phenomenon is understood to be an important source of novelty in evolution, providing for an expanded repertoire of molecular activities.

  4. 2R hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2R_hypothesis

    The 2R hypothesis or Ohno's hypothesis, first proposed by Susumu Ohno in 1970, [1] is a hypothesis that the genomes of the early vertebrate lineage underwent two whole genome duplications, and thus modern vertebrate genomes reflect paleopolyploidy.

  5. Phylogenetic reconciliation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetic_reconciliation

    The principle of phylogenetic reconciliation was introduced in 1979 [14] to account for differences between genes and species-level phylogenies. In a parsimonious setting, two evolutionary events, gene duplication and gene loss were invoked to explain the discrepancies between a gene tree and a species tree.

  6. Copy number variation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy_number_variation

    Copy number variation was initially thought to occupy an extremely small and negligible portion of the genome through cytogenetic observations. [12] Copy number variations were generally associated only with small tandem repeats or specific genetic disorders, [13] therefore, copy number variations were initially only examined in terms of specific loci.

  7. Paleopolyploidy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleopolyploidy

    Single gene duplication is a random process and tends to make duplicated genes scattered throughout the genome. Duplicated blocks are non-overlapping because they were created simultaneously. Segmental duplication within the genome can fulfill the first rule; but multiple independent segmental duplications could overlap each other. [18]

  8. Genome evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_evolution

    The principal forces of evolution in prokaryotes and their effects on archaeal and bacterial genomes. The horizontal line shows archaeal and bacterial genome size on a logarithmic scale (in megabase pairs) and the approximate corresponding number of genes (in parentheses).The effects of the main forces of prokaryotic genome evolution are denoted by triangles that are positioned, roughly, over ...

  9. Duplication (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Duplication_(genetics...

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