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The process, which is catalyzed by platinum supported by aluminium oxide, is exemplified in the conversion methylcyclohexane (a naphthene) into toluene (an aromatic). [2] Dehydrocyclization converts paraffins (acyclic hydrocarbons) into aromatics. [3] A related aromatization process includes dehydroisomerization of methylcyclopentane to benzene:
Cyclopentadiene is a highly reactive diene in the Diels–Alder reaction because minimal distortion of the diene is required to achieve the envelope geometry of the transition state compared to other dienes. [11] Famously, cyclopentadiene dimerizes. The conversion occurs in hours at room temperature, but the monomer can be stored for days at ...
The Sandmeyer reaction provides a method through which one can perform unique transformations on benzene, such as halogenation, cyanation, trifluoromethylation, and hydroxylation. The reaction was discovered in 1884 by Swiss chemist Traugott Sandmeyer , when he attempted to synthesize phenylacetylene from benzenediazonium chloride and copper(I ...
Cyclopentene is a chemical compound with the formula (CH 2) 3 (CH) 2. It is a colorless liquid with a petrol-like odor. It has few applications, and thus is mainly used as a minor component of gasoline, present in concentrations of less than 1%. [1] [2] It is one of the principal cycloalkenes.
2,3-pentadiene, H 3 C−CH=C=CH−CH 3, with two enantiomers (R and S). [5] It and 1,2-pentadiene are the least common isomers of pentadiene. Well known derivatives containing pentadiene groups include hexadienes , cyclopentadiene , and especially three fatty acids linoleic acid , α- linolenic acid , and arachidonic acid as well as their ...
2 t Bu − 3. These ligands are so large that their complexes behave differently from the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl analogues. Because they cannot closely approach the metal, these bulky ligands stabilize high spin complexes, such as (C 5 H 2 t Bu 3) 2 Fe 2 I 2. These large ligands stabilize highly unsaturated derivatives such as (C 5 H 2 t ...
An alkyne trimerisation is a [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction in which three alkyne units (C≡C) react to form a benzene ring. The reaction requires a metal catalyst. The process is of historic interest as well as being applicable to organic synthesis. [1] Being a cycloaddition reaction, it has high atom economy.
The reaction of cyclopentadiene and butenone for example is 700 times faster in water relative to 2,2,4-trimethylpentane as solvent. [14] Several explanations for this effect have been proposed, such as an increase in effective concentration due to hydrophobic packing [ 15 ] or hydrogen-bond stabilization of the transition state.