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Absorption is a physical or chemical phenomenon or a process in which atoms, molecules or ions enter the liquid or solid bulk phase of a material. This is a different process from adsorption , since molecules undergoing absorption are taken up by the volume, not by the surface (as in the case for adsorption).
Schematics of a plate column with bubble cap trays. The feed to the column can be liquid, gas or gas and liquid at equilibrium. Inside the column there are always two phases: one gas phase and one liquid phase. The liquid phase flows downward through the column via gravity, [1] while the gas phase flows upward.
Constructing a McCabe–Thiele diagram is not always straightforward. In continuous distillation with a varying reflux ratio, the mole fraction of the lighter component in the top part of the distillation column will decrease as the reflux ratio decreases. Each new reflux ratio will alter the gradient of the rectifying section curve.
In industrial continuous fractionating columns, N t is determined by starting at either the top or bottom of the column and calculating material balances, heat balances and equilibrium flash vaporizations for each of the succession of equilibrium stages until the desired end product composition is achieved.
An example process flow diagram for this system. Lean, water-free glycol (purity >99%) is fed to the top of an absorber (also known as a "glycol contactor") where it is contacted with the wet natural gas stream. The glycol removes water from the natural gas by physical absorption and is carried out the bottom of the column.
A packed bed used to perform separation processes, such as absorption, stripping, and distillation is known as a packed column. [1] Columns used in certain types of chromatography consisting of a tube filled with packing material can also be called packed columns and their structure has similarities to packed beds.
Column chromatography in chemistry is a chromatography method used to isolate a single chemical compound from a mixture. Chromatography is able to separate substances based on differential absorption of compounds to the adsorbent; compounds move through the column at different rates, allowing them to be separated into fractions.
Chromatography, pronounced / ˌ k r oʊ m ə ˈ t ɒ ɡ r ə f i /, is derived from Greek χρῶμα chrōma, which means "color", and γράφειν gráphein, which means "to write".". The combination of these two terms was directly inherited from the invention of the technique first used to separate biological pigme