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For a monopole antenna (a), the Earth acts as a ground plane to reflect radio waves directed downwards, making them seem to come from a virtual "image antenna" (b).In Telecommunications, a ground plane is a flat or nearly flat horizontal conducting surface that serves as part of an antenna, to reflect the radio waves from the other antenna elements.
[17] [8] A common type for mounting on masts or stationary structures is the ground plane antenna, consisting of a quarter-wave whip antenna with a ground plane of 3 or 4 wires or rods a quarter-wavelength long radiating horizontally or diagonally from its base, connected to the ground side of the feedline. [18]
Whips mounted on vehicles use the metal skin of the vehicle as a ground plane. In hand-held devices usually no explicit ground plane is provided, and the ground side of the antenna's feed line is just connected to the ground (common) on the device's circuit board. [2] Therefore, the radio itself serves as a rudimentary ground plane.
Counterpoises are typically used in antenna systems for radio transmitters where a good earth ground connection cannot be constructed.. Monopole antennas used at low frequencies, below 3 MHz, such as the mast radiator antennas used for AM broadcasting, require the radio transmitter to be electrically connected to the Earth under the antenna; this is called a ground (or earth).
The folded unipole antenna is a type of monopole mast radiator antenna used as a transmitting antenna mainly in the medium wave band for AM radio broadcasting stations. It consists of a vertical metal rod or mast mounted over and connected at its base to a grounding system consisting of buried wires.
A whip antenna with several rods extending horizontally from base of the whip in a star-shaped pattern, similar to an upside-down radiate crown, that form the artificial, elevated ground plane that gives the antenna its name. The ground plane rods attach to the ground wire of the feedline, the other wire feeds the whip. Since the whip is ...
A choke ring antenna is a directional antenna designed for reception of GNSS signals from satellites. It consists of a number of concentric conductive cylinders around a central antenna. The first choke ring antennas were invented at JPL; [ 2 ] since 1989 they have been improved and extended by many companies.
A blade antenna on a military aircraft in Japan. This is not a dual-band type. A dual-band blade antenna is a type of blade antenna, which is a monopole whip antenna mounted on the outside of an aircraft in the form of a blade-shaped aerodynamic fairing to reduce air drag. It is used by avionics radio communication systems.