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In electrical engineering, electromagnetic shielding is the practice of reducing or redirecting the electromagnetic field (EMF) in a space with barriers made of conductive or magnetic materials. It is typically applied to enclosures, for isolating electrical devices from their surroundings, and to cables to isolate wires from the environment ...
An EMP such as a lightning strike can physically damage objects such as buildings and aircraft. The management of EMP effects is a branch of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) engineering. The first recorded damage from an electromagnetic pulse came with the solar storm of August 1859, or the Carrington Event. [2]
Diagram of a battery with a polymer separator. A separator is a permeable membrane placed between a battery's anode and cathode.The main function of a separator is to keep the two electrodes apart to prevent electrical short circuits while also allowing the transport of ionic charge carriers that are needed to close the circuit during the passage of current in an electrochemical cell.
Battery chemistry has a huge impact on the way a battery pack charges and discharges, how it manages heat, how much energy each cell in the battery pack can store, and what each cell costs.
A variant of this is the high altitude EMP (HEMP) nuclear weapon, designed to create the pulse as its primary destructive effect. Non-nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NNEMP) weapons. Sources of repetitive EMP events, sometimes as regular pulse trains, include: Electric motors; Electrical ignition systems, such as in gasoline engines.
NMC materials have layered structures similar to the individual metal oxide compound lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2). [3] Lithium ions intercalate between the layers upon discharging, remaining between the lattice planes until the battery gets charged, at which point the lithium de-intercalates and moves to the anode.
The electrochemical window (EW) is an important concept in organic electrosynthesis and design of batteries, especially organic batteries. [5] This is because at higher voltage (greater than 4.0 V) organic electrolytes decompose and interferes with the oxidation and reduction of the organic cathode/anode materials.
Electropermanent magnets made with powerful rare-earth magnets are used as industrial lifting (tractive) magnets to lift heavy ferrous metal objects; when the object reaches its destination the magnet can be switched off, releasing the object. Programmable magnets are also being researched as a means of creating self-building structures.
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