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The battery pack also contains a variety of temperature, voltage, and current sensors. Collection of data from the pack sensors and activation of the pack relays are accomplished by the pack's battery monitoring unit (BMU) or BMS. The BMS is also responsible for communications with the vehicle outside the battery pack. [94]
Once a Megapack has reached the end of its useful life, Tesla says they can be returned for recycling. [16] Megapacks are pre-assembled, including "battery modules, bi-directional inverters, a thermal management system, an AC main breaker and controls." [17] Tesla requires customers to purchase a maintenance service agreement.
Under certain conditions, some battery chemistries are at risk of thermal runaway, leading to cell rupture or combustion.As thermal runaway is determined not only by cell chemistry but also cell size, cell design and charge, only the worst-case values are reflected here.
The End of Life Vehicles Directive is a Directive of the European Union addressing the end of life for automotive products. Every year, motor vehicles which have reached the end of their useful lives create between 8 and 9 million tonnes of waste in the European Union.
Current retirement criteria for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles cite 80% capacity for end-of-first-life, and 65% capacity for end-of-second-life. [66] The first-life defines the lifespan of the battery's intended use, while the second-life defines the lifespan of the battery's subsequent use-case.
The scope and duration of automotive warranties can vary significantly, but they generally cover areas such as: bumper-to-bumper warranty, powertrain warranty, corrosion warranty, emissions warranty and others. [2] There is also an "extended car Warranty" also known as a "service contract" which is purchased separately.
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The Cadillac Lyriq has a 12-module battery pack, essentially equivalent to a single layer of the Hummer, operating at 400 V (nominal) and capable of charging at a rate of up to 190 kW. Due to the modular nature of the battery pack, vehicles using fewer than 12 battery modules will operate at lower nominal voltages. [29]