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In engineering, span is the distance between two adjacent structural supports (e.g., two piers) of a structural member (e.g., a beam). Span is measured in the horizontal direction either between the faces of the supports (clear span) or between the centers of the bearing surfaces (effective span): [1] A span can be closed by a solid beam or by ...
Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, [2] Istanbul: Cantilever bridge: 549 m (Quebec bridge) 1042.6 m (Forth Bridge) Cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge: Clapper bridge: Covered bridge: Girder bridge: Continuous span girder bridge Integral bridge: Extradosed bridge: 1,920 m Arrah–Chhapra Bridge: Moon bridge: Movable bridge: Pigtail bridge: Plate girder ...
In a plate girder bridge, the plate girders are typically I-beams made up from separate structural steel plates (rather than rolled as a single cross-section), which are welded or, in older bridges, bolted or riveted together to form the vertical web and horizontal flanges of the beam. In some cases, the plate girders may be formed in a Z-shape ...
The term "girder" is typically used to refer to a steel beam. In a beam or girder bridge, the beams themselves are the primary support for the deck, and are responsible for transferring the load down to the foundation. Material type, shape, and weight all affect how much weight a beam can hold.
Beam bridges are the simplest structural forms for bridge spans supported by an abutment or pier at each end. [1] No moments are transferred throughout the support, hence their structural type is known as simply supported. The simplest beam bridge could be a log (see log bridge), a wood plank, or a stone slab (see clapper bridge) laid
Gien Bridge (Loiret, France) – Masonry piers, protected downstream here by backwaters. In masonry bridge piers, there is a resistant part and a filling part: [ 6 ] The periphery of the shafts over a certain thickness constitutes the resistant part, made of dressed stones in the angles and squared or even rough stones.
The narrow section at mid-span gives the bridge profile a slight arch shape making this design particularly useful when large headroom is required. The profile also makes the bridge more architecturally pleasing than a beam bridge. Rigid-frame design may be the most efficient bridge type for spans between 35 and 80 feet (11 and 24 m). [5]
An open-deck railway bridge in Leflore County, Mississippi. A railway bridge with its track and ties supported on load carrying elements of the superstructure (floor beams, stringers or girders) is called an open deck. When the track rests upon ballast, which is then carried by the superstructure of the bridge, it is called a ballasted deck.