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Ankylosauridae (/ ˌ æ ŋ k ɪ l oʊ ˈ s ɔː r ɪ d iː /) is a family of armored dinosaurs within Ankylosauria, and is the sister group to Nodosauridae. The oldest known ankylosaurids date to around 122 million years ago and went extinct 66 million years ago during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event . [ 1 ]
Bones in the skull and other parts of the body were fused, increasing their strength, and this feature is the source of the genus name. Ankylosaurus is a member of the family Ankylosauridae, and its closest relatives appear to be Anodontosaurus and Euoplocephalus.
Skull with a mostly complete skeleton, lacking the hindlimbs and tail [147] Was originally referred to Euoplocephalus and has since been given its own genus, though some still consider it to be a junior synonym [148] Photo of the holotype skull with an accompanying diagram: Polacanthoides ponderosus: NHMUK 2584 [149] Natural History Museum, London
The type specimen of the genus preserved enough of the skeleton to make it clear that there was a previously unrecognized monophyletic grouping of these southern ankylosaur taxa. Thus the study naming the genus, by Sergio Soto-Acuña and colleagues, coined Parankylosauria based on the two aforementioned genera and Kunbarrasaurus .
Diagram featuring the most complete skulls: A) MPC-D 100/1354, B) MPC-D 100/1355 and C) MPC-D 100/1356. The skull of Talarurus measured about 30 centimetres (300 mm) in total length. [ 6 ] The holotype, PIN 557-91, is based only on a posterior skull roof, [ 3 ] [ 6 ] which features tubercle-like caputegulae (facial osteoderms or armor tiles ...
Skeletal diagram of MPC 700/17. Tsagantegia was a medium to large-sized ankyosaur, with an estimated length of 6 to 7 m (20 to 23 ft) [2] [3] and weighing about 1 to 4 t (2,200 to 8,800 lb). [3] The skull measures about 38 cm (380 mm) in length, with a near width of 25 cm (9.8 in), missing the lower jaws.
The age of the layer is 76.26 ± 0.10 million years based on zircon dating. In 2014, the skull was subjected to a CT scan in order to reveal the internal anatomy. The specimen was subsequently described in 2018 by Jelle P. Wiersma and Randall B. Irmis. [2]
From top to bottom (A) a skull of an Anapsid, (B) a Synapsid (stem-mammal) skull, and (C) a Diapsid skull. [a] Temporal fenestrae are openings in the temporal region of the skull of some amniotes, behind the orbit (eye socket). These openings have historically been used to track the evolution and affinities of reptiles.