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Gelators used in gel formulation can be small molecules with low molecular weight or polymers (synthetic, semi-synthetic or natural). [5] [7] The solvent that is used as a dispersion medium can be aqueous, organic, inorganic, or a system of different solvents. [5]
Agarose is a linear polymer with a molecular weight of about 120,000, consisting of alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactopyranose linked by α-(1→3) and β-(1→4) glycosidic bonds. The 3,6-anhydro- L -galactopyranose is an L -galactose with an anhydro bridge between the 3 and 6 positions, although some L -galactose units in the ...
The molecular weight of the unknown protein (red X) can be determined on the y-axis. For a more accurate determination of the molecular weight, the relative migration distances of the individual protein bands are measured in the separating gel. [44] [45] The measurements are usually performed in triplicate for increased accuracy. The relative ...
PAGE was first used in a laboratory setting in the early 1950s. In 1959, the groups of Davis and Ornstein [4] and of Raymond and Weintraub [5] independently published on the use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to separate charged molecules. [5] The technique is widely accepted today, and remains a common protocol in molecular biology labs.
An upturned vial of hair gel Silica gel. A gel is a semi-solid that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. [1] [2] Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady state, although the liquid phase may still diffuse through this system.
Gel point, the transition point from a polymer solution to gel, is a function of the extent of reaction or the fraction of functional groups reacted. Gelation time is the time interval between the onset of reaction– by heating, addition of catalyst into a liquid system, etc.– and gel point.
It is widely used in cosmetics, cleaning solutions, and other household products. [1] Hydroxyethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose are frequently used with hydrophobic drugs in capsule formulations, to improve the drugs' dissolution in the gastrointestinal fluids. This process is known as hydrophilization. [2]
It is an anionic dye, which non-specifically binds to proteins. Proteins in the gel are fixed by acetic acid and simultaneously stained. The excess dye incorporated into the gel can be removed by destaining with the same solution without the dye. The proteins are detected as blue bands on a clear background. [16] [17]