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  2. Physically based rendering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physically_based_rendering

    Specular highlights are high and realistically modeled at the appropriate edge of the tread using a normal map. Physically based rendering (PBR) is a computer graphics approach that seeks to render images in a way that models the lights and surfaces with optics in the real world. It is often referred to as "Physically Based Lighting" or ...

  3. Ambient occlusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient_occlusion

    The ambient occlusion map (middle image) for this scene darkens only the innermost angles of corners. In 3D computer graphics, modeling, and animation, ambient occlusion is a shading and rendering technique used to calculate how exposed each point in a scene is to ambient lighting. For example, the interior of a tube is typically more occluded ...

  4. Texture mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texture_mapping

    A texture map [5] [6] is an image applied (mapped) to the surface of a shape or polygon. [7] This may be a bitmap image or a procedural texture . They may be stored in common image file formats , referenced by 3D model formats or material definitions , and assembled into resource bundles .

  5. 2D to 3D conversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2D_to_3D_conversion

    Movies, television shows, social media, printed images 2D to 3D video conversion (also called 2D to stereo 3D conversion and stereo conversion ) is the process of transforming 2D ("flat") film to 3D form, which in almost all cases is stereo , so it is the process of creating imagery for each eye from one 2D image.

  6. UV mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UV_mapping

    When the scene is rendered, each triangle will map to the appropriate texture from the "decal sheet". A UV map can either be generated automatically by the software application, made manually by the artist, or some combination of both. Often a UV map will be generated, and then the artist will adjust and optimize it to minimize seams and overlaps.

  7. Reflection mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection_mapping

    An environment texture mapped onto models of spoons, to give the illusion that they are reflecting the world around them. In computer graphics, reflection mapping or environment mapping [1] [2] [3] is an efficient image-based lighting technique for approximating the appearance of a reflective surface by means of a precomputed texture.

  8. Normal mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_mapping

    A texture map (left). The corresponding normal map in tangent space (center). The normal map applied to a sphere in object space (right). Normal map reuse is made possible by encoding maps in tangent space. The tangent space is a vector space, which is tangent to the model's surface. The coordinate system varies smoothly (based on the ...

  9. Computer graphics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphics

    A Blender screenshot displaying the 3D test model Suzanne. Computer graphics deals with generating images and art with the aid of computers.Computer graphics is a core technology in digital photography, film, video games, digital art, cell phone and computer displays, and many specialized applications.