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Hyperkalemia is an elevated level of potassium (K +) in the blood. [1] Normal potassium levels are between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L (3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L) with levels above 5.5 mmol/L defined as hyperkalemia. [3][4] Typically hyperkalemia does not cause symptoms. [1]
For both men and women, the most common heart-attack symptoms are chest pain and shortness of breath. “But women are much more likely than men to present with what we call atypical symptoms ...
Symptoms of water weight. ... Malnutrition, high carb diets and deficiencies in potassium or magnesium can also cause fluid retention, says Schnoll-Sussman. ... chest pain or dizziness.
Hypermagnesemia is an electrolyte disorder in which there is a high level of magnesium in the blood. [3] Symptoms include weakness, confusion, decreased breathing rate, and decreased reflexes. Hypermagnesemia can greatly increase the chances of adverse cardiovascular events. [1] [3] Complications may include low blood pressure and cardiac ...
A key symptom of coronary ischemia is chest pain or pressure, known as angina pectoris. [4] Angina may present typically with classic symptoms or atypically with symptoms less often associated with heart disease. [16] Atypical presentations are more common in women, diabetics, and elderly individuals. [8] Angina may be stable or unstable.
Acute kidney injury. Pathologic kidney specimen showing marked pallor of the cortex, contrasting to the darker areas of surviving medullary tissue. The patient died with acute kidney injury. Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), [1][2] is a sudden decrease in kidney function that develops within 7 days, [3] as ...
Hypercalcemia usually causes symptoms that lead to chronic dehydration, such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (inability of the kidney to concentrate the urine). IV fluid rehydration allows the kidneys to excrete more calcium, and usually lowers the calcium level by 1–2 mg/dL.
A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in one of the coronary arteries of the heart, causing infarction (tissue death) to the heart muscle. [ 1 ] The most common symptom is retrosternal chest pain or discomfort that classically radiates to the left shoulder, arm, or jaw. [ 1 ]