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There are a number of ways to demonstrate the validity of the small-angle approximations. The most direct method is to truncate the Maclaurin series for each of the trigonometric functions. Depending on the order of the approximation , cos θ {\displaystyle \textstyle \cos \theta } is approximated as either 1 {\displaystyle 1} or as 1 − ...
The Taylor series of any polynomial is the polynomial itself.. The Maclaurin series of 1 / 1 − x is the geometric series + + + +. So, by substituting x for 1 − x, the Taylor series of 1 / x at a = 1 is
In mathematics, the Euler–Maclaurin formula is a formula for the difference between an integral and a closely related sum. It can be used to approximate integrals by finite sums, or conversely to evaluate finite sums and infinite series using integrals and the machinery of calculus. For example, many asymptotic expansions are derived from the ...
Pascal's theorem is the polar reciprocal and projective dual of Brianchon's theorem. It was formulated by Blaise Pascal in a note written in 1639 when he was 16 years old and published the following year as a broadside titled "Essay pour les coniques. Par B. P." [1] Pascal's theorem is a special case of the Cayley–Bacharach theorem.
Arctangent series. In mathematics, the arctangent series, traditionally called Gregory's series, is the Taylor series expansion at the origin of the arctangent function: [1] This series converges in the complex disk except for (where ).
For arcsine, the series can be derived by expanding its derivative, , as a binomial series, and integrating term by term (using the integral definition as above). The series for arctangent can similarly be derived by expanding its derivative 1 1 + z 2 {\textstyle {\frac {1}{1+z^{2}}}} in a geometric series , and applying the integral definition ...
February 1698 – 14 June 1746) [1] was a Scottish mathematician who made important contributions to geometry and algebra. [2] He is also known for being a child prodigy and holding the record for being the youngest professor. The Maclaurin series, a special case of the Taylor series, is named after him.
The Basel problem is a problem in mathematical analysis with relevance to number theory, concerning an infinite sum of inverse squares. It was first posed by Pietro Mengoli in 1650 and solved by Leonhard Euler in 1734, [1] and read on 5 December 1735 in The Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences. [2] Since the problem had withstood the attacks of ...