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Potassium is a chemical element; it has symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19. It is a silvery white metal that is soft enough to easily cut with a knife. [8] Potassium metal reacts rapidly with atmospheric oxygen to form flaky white potassium peroxide in only seconds of exposure.
Sodium–potassium alloy under mineral oil. Sodium–potassium alloy, colloquially called NaK (commonly pronounced / næk /), [2] is an alloy of the alkali metals sodium (Na, atomic number 11) and potassium (K, atomic number 19) that is normally liquid at room temperature. [3] Various commercial grades are available.
Sodium and potassium are very abundant on Earth, both being among the ten most common elements in Earth's crust; [49] [50] sodium makes up approximately 2.6% of the Earth's crust measured by weight, making it the sixth most abundant element overall [51] and the most abundant alkali metal. Potassium makes up approximately 1.5% of the Earth's ...
e. The chemical elements can be broadly divided into metals, metalloids, and nonmetals according to their shared physical and chemical properties. All elemental metals have a shiny appearance (at least when freshly polished); are good conductors of heat and electricity; form alloys with other metallic elements; and have at least one basic oxide.
In addition to its use as a fertilizer, potassium chloride is important in many industrialized economies, where it is used in aluminium recycling, by the chloralkali industry to produce potassium hydroxide, in metal electroplating, oil-well drilling fluid, snow and ice melting, steel heat-treating, in medicine as a treatment for hypokalemia ...
Potassium hydroxide is preferred over sodium hydroxide because its solutions are more conductive. [20] The nickel–metal hydride batteries in the Toyota Prius use a mixture of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. [21] Nickel–iron batteries also use potassium hydroxide electrolyte.
Potassium chloride (KCl, or potassium salt) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. It is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance. The solid dissolves readily in water, and its solutions have a salt-like taste. Potassium chloride can be obtained from ancient dried lake deposits. [7]
It is a purplish-black crystalline salt, that dissolves in water as K + and MnO−. 4, an intensely pink to purple solution. Potassium permanganate is widely used in the chemical industry and laboratories as a strong oxidizing agent, and also as a medication for dermatitis, for cleaning wounds, and general disinfection.