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Data reconciliation is a technique that targets at correcting measurement errors that are due to measurement noise, i.e. random errors.From a statistical point of view the main assumption is that no systematic errors exist in the set of measurements, since they may bias the reconciliation results and reduce the robustness of the reconciliation.
One application of multilevel modeling (MLM) is the analysis of repeated measures data. Multilevel modeling for repeated measures data is most often discussed in the context of modeling change over time (i.e. growth curve modeling for longitudinal designs); however, it may also be used for repeated measures data in which time is not a factor.
When files with same hashes are found then the file copy is removed and the new file points to the old file. Unlike hard links however, duplicated files are considered to be separate entities and if one of the duplicated files is later modified, then using a system called copy-on-write a copy of that changed file or block is created.
Powerful shell-like capabilities for managing other processes. Lisp-like macros and other metaprogramming facilities. ELKI a software framework for development of data mining algorithms in Java. GAUSS, a matrix programming language for mathematics and statistics. GNU Data Language, a free compiler designed as a drop-in replacement for IDL.
A formal data collection process is necessary, as it ensures that the data gathered are both defined and accurate. This way, subsequent decisions based on arguments embodied in the findings are made using valid data. [4] The process provides both a baseline from which to measure and in certain cases an indication of what to improve.
A chart created with data from a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet that only saves the chart. To save the chart and spreadsheet save as .XLS. XLC is not supported in Excel 2007 or in any newer versions of Excel. Dialog .xld: Used in older versions of Excel. Archive .xlk: A backup of an Excel Spreadsheet Add-in (DLL) .xll
PQDIF allows storage of information related to the sources that recorded the data, including name, description, location, transducer settings, trigger settings, and more. A single PQDIF file is a collection of PQDIF records consisting of a Container record, Data Source record, an optional Monitor Settings record, and one or more Observation ...
Any non-linear differentiable function, (,), of two variables, and , can be expanded as + +. If we take the variance on both sides and use the formula [11] for the variance of a linear combination of variables (+) = + + (,), then we obtain | | + | | +, where is the standard deviation of the function , is the standard deviation of , is the standard deviation of and = is the ...