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  2. Gradient-domain image processing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient-domain_image...

    The gradient is obtained from an existing image and modified for image editing purposes. Various operators, such as finite difference or Sobel , can be used to find the gradient of a given image. This gradient can then be manipulated directly to produce several different effects when the resulting image is solved for.

  3. Histogram equalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histogram_equalization

    For example, if applied to 8-bit image displayed with 8-bit gray-scale palette it will further reduce color depth (number of unique shades of gray) of the image. Histogram equalization will work the best when applied to images with much higher color depth than palette size, like continuous data or 16-bit gray-scale images.

  4. Image gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_gradient

    Two types of gradients, with blue arrows to indicate the direction of the gradient. Light areas indicate higher pixel values A blue and green color gradient. An image gradient is a directional change in the intensity or color in an image. The gradient of the image is one of the fundamental building blocks in image processing.

  5. Sobel operator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobel_operator

    Sobel and Feldman presented the idea of an "Isotropic 3 × 3 Image Gradient Operator" at a talk at SAIL in 1968. [1] Technically, it is a discrete differentiation operator , computing an approximation of the gradient of the image intensity function.

  6. Histogram of oriented gradients - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Histogram_of_oriented_gradients

    The essential thought behind the histogram of oriented gradients descriptor is that local object appearance and shape within an image can be described by the distribution of intensity gradients or edge directions. The image is divided into small connected regions called cells, and for the pixels within each cell, a histogram of gradient ...

  7. Del in cylindrical and spherical coordinates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Del_in_cylindrical_and...

    This article uses the standard notation ISO 80000-2, which supersedes ISO 31-11, for spherical coordinates (other sources may reverse the definitions of θ and φ): . The polar angle is denoted by [,]: it is the angle between the z-axis and the radial vector connecting the origin to the point in question.

  8. Scale-invariant feature transform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale-invariant_feature...

    The image gradient magnitudes and orientations are sampled around the keypoint location, using the scale of the keypoint to select the level of Gaussian blur for the image. In order to achieve orientation invariance, the coordinates of the descriptor and the gradient orientations are rotated relative to the keypoint orientation.

  9. Morphological gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphological_Gradient

    In mathematical morphology and digital image processing, a morphological gradient is the difference between the dilation and the erosion of a given image. It is an image where each pixel value (typically non-negative) indicates the contrast intensity in the close neighborhood of that pixel.