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Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting about 237 million people or 3.3% of the world's population, as of 2015. [4] [12] It becomes more common as people age. [1] Among those over 60 years old, about 10% of males and 18% of females are affected. [2] Osteoarthritis is the cause of about 2% of years lived with disability. [12]
The goal of prevention would be to avoid joint damage and premature hip osteoarthritis. [27] Studies are examining the effectiveness of screening adolescents in school and targeting at-risk individuals for education, physical therapy and decreasing participation in possibly harmful activities/sports as referenced in the epidemiology section.
Pain in the groin, called anterior hip pain, is most often the result of osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, occult fracture, acute synovitis, and septic arthritis; pain on the sides of the hip, called lateral hip pain, is usually caused by bursitis; pain in the buttock, called posterior or gluteal hip pain, which is the least common type of hip ...
Total hip replacement is most commonly used to treat joint failure caused by osteoarthritis.Other indications include rheumatoid arthritis, avascular necrosis, traumatic arthritis, protrusio acetabuli, [5] certain hip fractures, benign and malignant bone tumors, [6] arthritis associated with Paget's disease, [7] ankylosing spondylitis [8] and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. [9]
Hip dysplasia is often cited as causing osteoarthritis of the hip at a comparatively young age. Dislocated load bearing surfaces lead to increased and unusual wear, although there are studies that contradict these findings (see [54] [55]). Peri-acetabular osteotomy (PAO) surgery can be used to realign the hip joint in some adolescents and adults.
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis is the most common variation of post-traumatic arthritis. [3] Between 20 and 50% [4] of all osteoarthritis cases are preceded by post-traumatic arthritis. Patients having post-traumatic osteoarthritis are usually younger than osteoarthritis patients without any previous physical injuries. [5]
Eburnation is a degenerative process of bone commonly found in patients with osteoarthritis or non-union of fractures. Friction in the joint causes the reactive conversion of the sub-chondral bone to an ivory-like surface at the site of the cartilage erosion. [1] The word derives from Latin eburneus, which means "of ivory". [2]
Coxalgia is a symptom of underlying hip joint pathology and must be examined and referred as the symptoms of pain and reduced mobility will increase and worsen, leading to chronic pain states. Coxalgia may be due to trauma, dysplasia and abnormal growth, degeneration, osteo-deficiencies of B12 or folate or metastasising cancer.