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Veterinarians have observed meningoencephalitis in animals infected with listeriosis, caused by the pathogenic bacteria L. monocytogenes. Meningitis and encephalitis already present in the brain or spinal cord of an animal may form simultaneously into meningeoencephalitis. [6] The bacterium commonly targets the sensitive structures of the brain ...
[6] [2] Other signs associated with chronic meningitis include altered mental status or confusion, and papillary edema (swelling of the optic disc). [2] The headache in chronic meningitis is commonly described as diffuse, poorly localized, and constant. Lethargy is a common symptom, with 40% of those having mental status changes. [2]
Encephalitis with meningitis is known as meningoencephalitis, while encephalitis with involvement of the spinal cord is known as encephalomyelitis. [2] The word is from Ancient Greek ἐγκέφαλος, enképhalos 'brain', [37] composed of ἐν, en, 'in' and κεφαλή, kephalé, 'head', and the medical suffix -itis 'inflammation'. [38]
In Germany, during the 2010s, there have been a minimum of 95 (2012) and a maximum of 584 cases (2018) of TBE (or FSME as it is known in German). More than half of the reported cases from 2019 had meningitis, encephalitis or myelitis. The risk of infection was noted to be increasing with age, especially in people older than 40 years and it was ...
Mollaret's meningitis is a recurrent or chronic inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges. Since Mollaret's meningitis is a recurrent, benign (non-cancerous), aseptic meningitis , it is also referred to as benign recurrent lymphocytic meningitis .
Aseptic meningitis is a common condition, which is caused by many viruses but also from autoimmune etiologies. MRS occurs in 8% of aseptic meningitis cases. Average latencies from the onset of meningeal irritation to urinary symptoms were 0–8 days. However, in some cases, urinary retention precedes fever and headache.
Although meningitis is a notifiable disease in many countries, the exact incidence rate is unknown. [22] In 2013 meningitis resulted in 303,000 deaths – down from 464,000 deaths in 1990. [86] In 2010 it was estimated that meningitis resulted in 420,000 deaths, [87] excluding cryptococcal meningitis. [42]
Herpes meningitis is typically self-limiting over 2 weeks without treatment. However, empirical use of antiviral medications such as acyclovir are considered in cases of suspected HSV meningitis to prevent progression to the more rapid and fatal HSV meningoencephalitis. [7] HSV-2 is the most common herpes virus that causes meningitis. [3]