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Long division is the standard algorithm used for pen-and-paper division of multi-digit numbers expressed in decimal notation. It shifts gradually from the left to the right end of the dividend, subtracting the largest possible multiple of the divisor (at the digit level) at each stage; the multiples then become the digits of the quotient, and the final difference is then the remainder.
The divide-and-conquer paradigm is often used to find an optimal solution of a problem. Its basic idea is to decompose a given problem into two or more similar, but simpler, subproblems, to solve them in turn, and to compose their solutions to solve the given problem. Problems of sufficient simplicity are solved directly.
In numerical linear algebra, the tridiagonal matrix algorithm, also known as the Thomas algorithm (named after Llewellyn Thomas), is a simplified form of Gaussian elimination that can be used to solve tridiagonal systems of equations. A tridiagonal system for n unknowns may be written as
A tagged PDF (see clause 14.8 in ... The Apache PDFBox project of the Apache Software Foundation is an open source Java library, licensed under the Apache License, ...
In mathematics, divided differences is an algorithm, historically used for computing tables of logarithms and trigonometric functions. [citation needed] Charles Babbage's difference engine, an early mechanical calculator, was designed to use this algorithm in its operation.
A Sudoku may also be modelled as a constraint satisfaction problem. In his paper Sudoku as a Constraint Problem, [14] Helmut Simonis describes many reasoning algorithms based on constraints which can be applied to model and solve problems. Some constraint solvers include a method to model and solve Sudokus, and a program may require fewer than ...
Suppes, Patrick (1957), Introduction to Logic, Princeton: D. Van Nostrand, §8.5 "The Problem of Division by Zero" and §8.7 "Five Approaches to Division by Zero" (Dover reprint, 1999) Tarski, Alfred (1941), Introduction to Logic and to the Methodology of Deductive Sciences , Oxford University Press, §53 "Definitions whose definiendum contains ...
In computational complexity theory, the set splitting problem is the following decision problem: given a family F of subsets of a finite set S, decide whether there exists a partition of S into two subsets S 1, S 2 such that all elements of F are split by this partition, i.e., none of the elements of F is completely in S 1 or S 2.