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Antimotility agents are drugs used to alleviate the symptoms of diarrhea. These include loperamide (Imodium), bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol), [1] diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil), and opiates such as paregoric, tincture of opium, codeine, and morphine.
Drugs such as morphine or codeine can be used to relieve diarrhoea this way. A notable opioid for the purpose of relief of diarrhoea is loperamide which is only an agonist of the μ opioid receptors in the large intestine and does not have opioid affects in the central nervous system as it doesn't cross the blood–brain barrier in significant ...
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Crofelemer (USAN, trade name Mytesi) is an antidiarrheal indicated for the symptomatic relief of non-infectious diarrhea in adult patients with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy. [1] Other possible uses include diarrhea in children, acute infectious diarrhea , and diarrhea in patients with irritable bowel syndrome . [ 2 ]
Nufenoxole (SC-27166) is an antidiarrhoeal drug which acts as a peripherally selective opioid agonist, in a similar manner to loperamide. while it is able to activate μ-opioid receptors, it fails to cross the blood–brain barrier and so has a selective action against diarrhoea without producing analgesic effects.
They were available over-the-counter without a prescription in many states until the early 1990s, at which time the FDA banned the sale of anti-diarrheal drugs containing kaolin and pectin; also, Donnagel-PG contained tincture of belladonna, which became prescription-only on January 1, 1993.
Loperamide can decrease the absorption of some other drugs. As an example, saquinavir concentrations can decrease by half when given with loperamide. [19] Loperamide is an antidiarrheal agent, which decreases intestinal movement. As such, when combined with other antimotility drugs, the risk of constipation is increased.
An antipropulsive is a drug used in the treatment of diarrhea. It does not address the underlying cause (for example, infection or malabsorption), but it does decrease motility. Examples include diphenoxylate, loperamide, and eluxadoline.