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The process to develop the agricultural knowledge for cultivation took place over a 5,000 to 6,500 year period. Squash was domesticated first, with maize second and beans third. [21] [22] Squash was first domesticated some 8,000–10,000 years ago. [23] [24]
The natives grew corn, squash, and beans, along with other crops in the terraced fields. Corn, squash, and beans were staple crops for Native Americans and were grown throughout much of the North American continent. This trio is known as the Three sisters. Ancient folklore belief says that the Three Sisters represented three goddesses.
Each square in the checkerboard was bordered with thick walls approximately 10 centimetres (3.9 in) high and 10 cm wide, [12] and cultigens like maize, beans, squash, [38] [40] cotton, and pumpkins [43] were grown in them, as well as non-domesticated plants like coriander, ground cherry, amaranth, [12] and edible greens. [44]
The large squash leaves shaded the soil, preserving moisture and crowding out weeds. The beans fixed nitrogen in the soil and climbed up the corn stalks as support. [19] The Wichita, and possibly other southern peoples, planted or tended thickets of low-growing Chickasaw Plum trees separating and bordering their maize fields. Tobacco was ...
The earliest cultivated plant in North America is the bottle gourd, remains of which have been excavated at Little Salt Spring, Florida dating to 8000 BCE. [7] Squash (Cucurbita pepo var. ozarkana) is considered to be one of the first domesticated plants in the Eastern Woodlands, having been found in the region about 5000 BCE, though possibly not domesticated in the region until about 1000 BCE.
Maize, beans, and squash form a triad of products, commonly referred to as the "Three Sisters". Growing these three crops together helps to retain nutrients in the soil. Rubber trees and cotton plants were useful for making culturally significant products such as rubber balls for Mesoamerican ball games and textiles, respectively. Evidence of ...
The fresh young gourd can be eaten like squash. The mature fruit is no longer edible, due to bitter compounds. Seeds may be eaten after being prepared by roasting or boiling. [18] The extractable oil content in whole seeds reaches from 24.3% [5] to 50%. [9] Linoleic acid, an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid, comprises 38% to 65% of the oil. [5]
Yakutian cattle: Sakha Republic, Russian Federation: Noted as the northernmost cattle landrace, and the most genetically dissimilar to other cattle. [45] [46] This group of cattle may represent a fourth Aurochs domestication event (and a third event among Bos taurus–type aurochs) and may have diverged from the Near East group some 35,000 ...