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The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
' submission ' to God) and became Muslims. This increasingly drew the ire of the Meccan elite, who persecuted the early converts, especially the slaves and social outcasts. [ 1 ] While Khadija is universally recognized as the first female convert to Islam, the identity of the second male Muslim, after Muhammad himself, is disputed.
Islam has no clergy in the sacerdotal sense, such as priests who mediate between God and people. Imam ( إمام ) is the religious title used to refer to an Islamic leadership position, often in the context of conducting an Islamic worship service. [ 416 ]
'submitters [to God]') [27] are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abraham (or Allah) as it was revealed to Muhammad, the last Islamic prophet. [28]
Muhammad [a] (c. 570 – 8 June 632 CE) [b] was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. [c] According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.
There were three main groups of early converts to Islam: younger brothers and sons of great merchants; people who had fallen out of the first rank in their tribe or failed to attain it; and the weak, mostly unprotected foreigners. [10] Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq; 6 First Muslim Martyr/first Muslim to be killed: Sumayyah bint Khabbab: 615 [11] [9]
This timeline of Islamic history relates the Gregorian and Islamic calendars in the history of Islam. This timeline starts with the lifetime of Muhammad, which is believed by non-Muslims to be when Islam started, [1] though not by Muslims. [2] [3] [4]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 22 January 2025. Part of a series on Islam Allah (God in Islam) Allah Jalla Jalālah in Arabic calligraphy Theology Allah Names Attributes Phrases and expressions Islam (religion) Throne of God Sufi metaphysics Theology Schools of Islamic theology Oneness Kalam Anthropomorphism and corporealism ...