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Major effect: Inhibits osteoclast activity in bones, which break down the bone [12] Minor effect: Inhibits renal tubular cell reabsorption of Ca 2+ and phosphate, allowing them to be excreted in the urine [13] [14] High concentrations of calcitonin may be able to increase urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate via the renal tubules.
The role of calcitonin, a hormone generated by the thyroid that increases bone deposition, is less clear and probably not as significant as that of PTH. [36] The activation of osteoclasts is regulated by various molecular signals, of which RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand) is one of the best-studied. [100]
At the same time, the parathyroid glands reduce the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), also a polypeptide hormone, into the blood. The resulting high levels of calcitonin in the blood stimulate osteoblasts in bone to remove calcium from blood plasma and deposit it as bone. The reduced levels of PTH inhibit removal of calcium from the skeleton.
Parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin, a hormone that participates in the regulation of calcium metabolism. Calcitonin lowers blood levels of calcium by inhibiting the resorption of bone by osteoclasts , and its secretion is increased proportionally with the concentration of calcium.
Bone tissue is a dynamic system with active metabolism. [24] Bone tissue remodelling or bone remodeling is a successive chain of old bone matrix removal and its replacement with a new one. [25] These processes make a child’s skeleton grow and extend, while childhood is characterized by bone tissue growth rather than its resorption.
Bone tissue is removed by osteoclasts, and then new bone tissue is formed by osteoblasts. Both processes utilize cytokine (TGF-β, IGF) signalling.In osteology, bone remodeling or bone metabolism is a lifelong process where mature bone tissue is removed from the skeleton (a process called bone resorption) and new bone tissue is formed (a process called ossification or new bone formation).
The calcitonin receptor (CT) is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds the peptide hormone calcitonin and is involved in maintenance of calcium homeostasis, [5] particularly with respect to bone formation and metabolism. [6] [7] [8]
Calcitonin blocks bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclasts and also increases urinary calcium excretion by the kidneys. [ 22 ] Usually used in life-threatening hypercalcaemia along with rehydration, diuresis, and bisphosphonates