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Metallic tin does not easily oxidize in air and water. The first tin alloy used on a large scale was bronze, made of 1 ⁄ 8 tin and 7 ⁄ 8 copper (12.5% and 87.5% respectively), from as early as 3000 BC. After 600 BC, pure metallic tin was produced.
While Sardinia does not appear to have much in terms of significant sources of tin, it does have rich copper and other mineral wealth and served as a centre for metals trade during the Bronze Age and likely actively imported tin from the Iberian Peninsula for export to the rest of the Mediterranean. [45]
About one-third of all the tin mined in the world has come from Bangka and its sister island Belitung to the east. [9] As tin ore pits become deeper, the number of lethal cave-ins has risen. Approximately one tin miner a week was killed in Indonesia in 2011 — double the number of the year before.
Cassiterite is a tin oxide mineral, SnO 2.It is generally opaque, but it is translucent in thin crystals.Its luster and multiple crystal faces produce a desirable gem. . Cassiterite was the chief tin ore throughout ancient history and remains the most important source of t
Tin production (tonnes) by country ; Country (or area) Production World 310,000 China * 85,000 Indonesia * 80,000 Myanmar * 54,000 Peru * 18,500 Bolivia 17,000
The Greeks understood that tin came from the Cassiterides, the "tin islands", of which the geographical identity is debated. By 500 BC Hecataeus knew of islands beyond Gaul where tin was obtained. Pytheas of Massalia travelled to Britain in about 325 BC where he found a flourishing tin trade, according to the later report of his voyage.
Tin smuggling is a significant issue, with the Indonesia Corruption Watch estimating that around one-fifth of Indonesian exports between 2004 and 2013 were smuggled. [ 16 ] In 2023, tin mining concessions covered over 1 million hectares – approximately one-eighth of the province's total land and sea area. [ 17 ]
In addition, gold, copper, iron, mercury, tin, and lead may occur in alloys of this group. [8] As with gold, salts and other compounds of the platinum group metals are rare; native platinum and related metals and alloys are the predominant minerals bearing these metals.