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Physical causal closure is a metaphysical theory about the nature of causation in the physical realm with significant ramifications in the study of metaphysics and the mind. In a strongly stated version, physical causal closure says that "all physical states have pure physical causes" — Jaegwon Kim , [ 1 ] or that "physical effects have only ...
The first principle, which most ontological physicalists would accept, is the causal closure of the physical domain, according to which, every physical effect has a sufficient physical cause. The second principle Kim notes is that of causal exclusion, which holds that no normal event can have more than one sufficient cause.
Parallelism is a theory which is related to dualism and which suggests that although there is a correlation between mental and physical events there is not any causal relationship. The body and mind do not interact with each other but simply operate independently of each other, in parallel , and there happens to be a correspondence between the ...
There Van Inwagen argues that the problem of evil is a philosophical argument and, like most philosophical arguments, fails. Van Inwagen has shown an interest in the afterlife debate, particularly in relation to resurrection of the body. In his article "I Look for the Resurrection of the Dead and the Life of the World to Come", he concludes ...
Causal decision theory of evaluating the expected utility of an action; Causal sets theory, an approach to quantum physics; Causal perturbation theory, a mathematically rigorous approach to renormalization theory; Causal theories, a phenomenon in social psychology whereby humans guess wrongly about the reasons for their actions (part of the ...
He co-founded a center for excellence, START at the University of Maryland in 2006 (for the study of terrorism and the response to terrorism), and has empirically studied the psychology of terrorism and radicalization in various regions of the world including Sri Lanka, the Philippines, Indonesia, the Maghreb, the Middle East, Europe and the U ...
Critical thinking is the process of analyzing available facts, evidence, observations, and arguments to make sound conclusions or informed choices. It involves recognizing underlying assumptions, providing justifications for ideas and actions, evaluating these justifications through comparisons with varying perspectives, and assessing their rationality and potential consequences. [1]
In quantitative analysis of behavior, Killeen and Fetterman (1988) are the developers of a major behavioral theory of timing. Killeen has also developed a theory of learning as causal inference (1981) bringing these together in his paper on the perception of contingency in conditioning : Scalar timing, response bias , and the erasure of memory ...