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Common source outbreak of Hepatitis A in Nov-Dec 1978. This epidemic curve shows a presumed first case, known as the index case on November 6, 1978. 4 days later, there was a steep increase in cases, followed by the curve tapering down to zero. Some cases were food handlers, and some secondary cases.
Common source – All victims acquire the infection from the same source (e.g. a contaminated water supply). [7] Continuous source – Common source outbreak where the exposure occurs over multiple incubation periods; Point source – Common source outbreak where the exposure occurs in less than one incubation period [8]
The 1993 Milwaukee cryptosporidiosis outbreak was a significant distribution of the Cryptosporidium protozoan in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and the largest waterborne disease outbreak in documented United States history. It is suspected that The Howard Avenue Water Purification Plant, one of two water treatment plants in Milwaukee at the time, was ...
However, there is a lack of sources which describe major TB epidemics with definite time spans and death tolls. Hepatitis B : According to the World Health Organization, as of 2019 [update] there are about 296 million people living with chronic hepatitis B, with 1.5 million new infections each year.
On 14 May 2024, the outbreak was first reported by the media with sixteen cases of cryptosporidiosis being confirmed in Brixham by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA). The agency said a further 70 people reported diarrhoea and vomiting in the town and said it was working with Torbay Council, South West Water (SWW), NHS Devon and the Environment Agency to investigate the cases.
In a common source outbreak epidemic, the affected individuals had an exposure to a common agent. If the exposure is singular and all of the affected individuals develop the disease over a single exposure and incubation course, it can be termed as a point source outbreak.
A point source of pollution is a single identifiable source of air, water, thermal, noise or light pollution. A point source has negligible extent, distinguishing it from other pollution source geometrics (such as nonpoint source or area source). The sources are called point sources because in mathematical modeling, they can be approximated as ...
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