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The technique, which has been branded as CLARITY, was the work of Karl Deisseroth and coworkers at Stanford University, and involves infusion of the organ with an acrylamide solution to bind the macromolecules of the organ (proteins, nucleic acids, etc.), followed by thermal polymerization to form a "brain–hydrogel" (a mesh interspersed ...
When a strong acid is neutralized by a strong base there are no excess hydrogen ions left in the solution. The solution is said to be neutral as it is neither acidic nor alkaline. The pH of such a solution is close to a value of 7; the exact pH value is dependent on the temperature of the solution. Neutralization is an exothermic reaction.
The steps of alkaline lysis can be summarized as the formation of a pellet, resuspension of the pellet in solution, cell lysis, neutralization, and centrifugation. [ 2 ] Alkaline lysis takes advantage of the small and supercoiled physical composition of plasmid DNA compared to chromosomal DNA, along with its ability to reanneal double stranded ...
Typically aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions are used. [1] [2] It is an important type of alkaline hydrolysis. When the carboxylate is long chain, its salt is called a soap. The saponification of ethyl acetate gives sodium acetate and ethanol: C 2 H 5 O 2 CCH 3 + NaOH → C 2 H 5 OH + NaO 2 CCH 3
Lye is a hydroxide, either sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The word lye most accurately refers to sodium hydroxide (NaOH), [ citation needed ] but historically has been conflated to include other alkali materials, most notably potassium hydroxide (KOH).
The solution left after removal of the insoluble calcium carbonate still contained some soda. [7] Boric acid (4%) was then added as a buffering agent to maintain a pH of between 9 and 10. Dakin found that alkalinity outside this range was too irritating. [17] The solution, while unstable, remains effective for at least a week, if made to the ...
In neutral solution, permanganate slowly reduces to manganese dioxide (MnO 2). This is the material that stains one's skin when handling KMnO 4. KMnO 4 reduces in alkaline solution to give green K 2 MnO 4: [75] 4 KMnO 4 + 4 KOH → 4 K 2 MnO 4 + O 2 + 2 H 2 O. This reaction illustrates the relatively rare role of hydroxide as a reducing agent.
Sodium bisulfite solutions can be prepared by treating a solution of suitable base, such as sodium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate with sulfur dioxide. SO 2 + NaOH → NaHSO 3 SO 2 + NaHCO 3 → NaHSO 3 + CO 2. Attempts to crystallize the product yield sodium metabisulfite (also called sodium disulfite), Na 2 S 2 O 5. [6]