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Lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2), also known as CD107b (Cluster of Differentiation 107b) and Mac-3, is a human gene. Its protein, LAMP2, is one of the lysosome-associated membrane glycoproteins .
A lysosome (/ ˈ l aɪ s ə ˌ s oʊ m /) is a single membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells. [1] [2] They are spherical vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest many kinds of biomolecules. A lysosome has a specific composition, of both its membrane proteins and its lumenal proteins.
Structurally, the lamp proteins consist of two internally homologous lysosome-luminal domains separated by a proline-rich hinge region; at the C-terminal extremity there is a transmembrane region (TM) followed by a very short cytoplasmic tail (C). In each of the duplicated domains, there are two conserved disulfide bonds. This structure is ...
A depiction of Two-Pore Channel 2 (TPC2). There are two domains, labelled I and II. A pore exists in each domain, as labeled by P. Adapted from image in Grimm, C. et al. "Role Of TRPML And Two-Pore Channels In Endolysosomal Cation Homeostasis". Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 342.2 (2012): 236–244. Web.
These sites are thought to be important to facilitate signalling, and they promote the passage of small molecules, including ions, lipids [2] and (discovered later) reactive oxygen species. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] MCS are important in the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), [ 5 ] since this is the major site of lipid synthesis within cells. [ 6 ]
The autophagic process is divided into five distinct stages: Initiation, phagophore nucleation, autophagosomal formation (elongation), autophagosome-lysosome fusion (autophagolysosome) and cargo degradation. [1] An autophagosome is a spherical structure with double layer membranes. [2]
Human LIMP-2 has a theoretical molecular weight of 54.3 kDa and is 478 amino acids in length. [6]Though LIMP-2 was initially discovered in 1985 by Lewis et al. from rat liver lysosomes, [7] LIMP-2 was cloned in 1992 by two groups, one isolated LIMP-2 from human metastatic pancreatic islet tumor cells, and one from rat liver lysosomal membranes.
The process of phagocytosis showing phagolysosome formation. Lysosome(shown in green) fuses with phagosome to form a phagolysosome. Membrane fusion of the phagosome and lysosome is regulated by the Rab5 protein, [1] a G protein that allows the exchange of material between these two organelles but prevents complete fusion of their membranes. [1]