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Calcium is a very ductile silvery metal (sometimes described as pale yellow) whose properties are very similar to the heavier elements in its group, strontium, barium, and radium. A calcium atom has twenty electrons, with electron configuration [Ar]4s 2.
The plasma total calcium concentration is in the range of 2.2–2.6 mmol/L (9–10.5 mg/dL), and the normal ionized calcium is 1.3–1.5 mmol/L (4.5–5.6 mg/dL). [4] The amount of total calcium in the blood varies with the level of plasma albumin, the most abundant protein in plasma, and therefore the main carrier of protein-bound calcium in the blood.
The US Institute of Medicine (IOM) established Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for calcium in 1997 and updated those values in 2011. [6] See table. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) uses the term Population Reference Intake (PRIs) instead of RDAs and sets slightly different numbers: ages 4–10 800 mg, ages 11–17 1150 mg, ages 18–24 1000 mg, and >25 years 950 mg. [10]
Calcium oxide (formula: Ca O), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound.It is a white, caustic, alkaline, crystalline solid at room temperature.
Calcium-60 is the heaviest known isotope as of 2020. [1] First observed in 2018 at Riken alongside 59 Ca and seven isotopes of other elements, [26] its existence suggests that there are additional even-N isotopes of calcium up to at least 70 Ca, while 59 Ca is probably the last bound isotope with odd N. [27]
Magnesium and calcium are very common in the Earth's crust, being respectively the fifth and eighth most abundant elements. None of the alkaline earth metals are found in their elemental state. Common magnesium-containing minerals are carnallite, magnesite, and dolomite. Common calcium-containing minerals are chalk, limestone, gypsum, and ...
Calcium silicates are produced by treating calcium oxide and silica in various ratios. Their formation is relevant to Portland cement. [5] Calcium silicate is a byproduct of the Pidgeon process, a major route to magnesium metal. The process converts a mixture of magnesium and calcium oxides as represented by the following simplified equation: [6]
The reasons lie in its chemical properties and physiological behavior in the gastrointestinal tract. Calcium lactate has insufficient acid-neutralizing capacity caused by its weak base formation. The lactate ion (C 3 H 5 O 3 −) is the conjugate base of lactic acid, which is a weak acid. When calcium lactate dissolves in water, it releases ...