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  2. Frontend and backend - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontend_and_Backend

    In software development, frontend refers to the presentation layer that users interact with, while backend involves the data management and processing behind the scenes. In the client–server model, the client is usually considered the frontend, handling user-facing tasks, and the server is the backend, managing data and logic. Some ...

  3. Nullable type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nullable_type

    Nullable types are a feature of some programming languages which allow a value to be set to the special value NULL instead of the usual possible values of the data type.In statically typed languages, a nullable type is an option type, [citation needed] while in dynamically typed languages (where values have types, but variables do not), equivalent behavior is provided by having a single null ...

  4. Ajax (programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_(programming)

    With Ajax, web applications can send and retrieve data from a server asynchronously (in the background) without interfering with the display and behaviour of the existing page. By decoupling the data interchange layer from the presentation layer, Ajax allows web pages and, by extension, web applications, to change content dynamically without ...

  5. C Sharp (programming language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)

    C# (/ ˌ s iː ˈ ʃ ɑːr p / see SHARP) [b] is a general-purpose high-level programming language supporting multiple paradigms.C# encompasses static typing, [16]: 4 strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, [16]: 22 object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.

  6. Exception handling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exception_handling

    The definition of an exception is based on the observation that each procedure has a precondition, a set of circumstances for which it will terminate "normally". [1] An exception handling mechanism allows the procedure to raise an exception [ 2 ] if this precondition is violated, [ 1 ] for example if the procedure has been called on an abnormal ...

  7. Data transfer object - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_transfer_object

    In the field of programming a data transfer object (DTO [1] [2]) is an object that carries data between processes. The motivation for its use is that communication between processes is usually done resorting to remote interfaces (e.g., web services), where each call is an expensive operation. [ 2 ]

  8. ASP.NET Web Forms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASP.NET_Web_Forms

    ASP.NET Web Forms is a web application framework and one of several programming models supported by the Microsoft ASP.NET technology. Web Forms applications can be written in any programming language which supports the Common Language Runtime, such as C# or Visual Basic.

  9. Lazy initialization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_initialization

    The lazy initialization technique allows us to do this in just O(m) operations, rather than spending O(m+n) operations to first initialize all array cells. The technique is simply to allocate a table V storing the pairs ( k i , v i ) in some arbitrary order, and to write for each i in the cell T [ k i ] the position in V where key k i is stored ...