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A residual-current device (RCD), residual-current circuit breaker (RCCB) or ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) [a] is an electrical safety device, more specifically a form of Earth-leakage circuit breaker, that interrupts an electrical circuit when the current passing through line and neutral conductors of a circuit is not equal (the term residual relating to the imbalance), therefore ...
An ELCB is a specialised type of latching relay that has a building's incoming mains power connected through its switching contacts so that the ELCB disconnects the power when earth leakage is detected. The ELCB detects fault currents between line and earth (ground) conductors within the portion of the installation it protects. If sufficient ...
The neutral conductor is connected to earth ground at the point of supply, and equipment cases are connected to the neutral. The danger exists that a broken neutral connection will allow all the equipment cases to rise to a dangerous voltage if any leakage or insulation fault exists in any equipment.
A ground fault (earth fault) is any failure that allows unintended connection of power circuit conductors with the earth. [citation needed] Such faults can cause objectionable circulating currents, or may energize the housings of equipment at a dangerous voltage. Some special power distribution systems may be designed to tolerate a single ...
The ground loop still exists, but the two sides of the loop are close together, so stray magnetic fields induce equal currents in both sides, which cancel out. Break in the shield Create a break in the signal cable shield conductor. [5] The break should be at the load end. This is often called ground lifting. It is the simplest solution; it ...
It is important to note this action occurs regardless of whether there is a connection to the physical ground (earth); the earth itself has no role in this fault-clearing process [4] since current must return to its source; however, the sources are very frequently connected to the physical ground (earth). [5] (see Kirchhoff's circuit laws). By ...
Since the earth leakage is restricted, leakage protection devices can be set to less than 750 mA. By comparison, in a solidly earthed system, earth fault current can be as much as the available short-circuit current. The neutral earthing resistor is monitored to detect an interrupted ground connection and to shut off power if a fault is detected.
Earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) — This detects current in the earth wire directly rather than detecting imbalance. They are no longer seen in new installations as they cannot detect any dangerous condition where the current is returning to earth by another route – such as via a person on the ground or via plumbing.