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Xerxes I (/ ˈ z ɜː r k ˌ s iː z / ZURK-seez [2] [a] c. 518 – August 465 BC), commonly known as Xerxes the Great, [4] was a Persian ruler who served as the fourth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 486 BC until his assassination in 465 BC.
The Xerxes I inscription at Van, also known as the XV Achaemenid royal inscription, [1] is a trilingual cuneiform inscription of the Achaemenid King Xerxes I (r. 486–465 BC). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is located on the southern slope of a mountain adjacent to the Van Fortress , near Lake Van in present-day Turkey . [ 3 ]
The graphical timeline shows the historical periods of ancient Egypt; see Dynasties of ancient Egypt for details and sources. Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox ( edit | diff ) and testcases ( create ) pages.
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Egyptian statue of Darius I, discovered in the Palace in Susa. [10] Modern impression of an Achaemenid cylinder seal from Iran, with king holding two lion griffins at bay and Egyptian hieroglyphs reading "Thoth is a protection over me". Circa 6th–5th century BC. [11] [12] Darius took a greater interest in Egyptian internal affairs than Cambyses.
A few Achaemenid inscriptions are instead written in Egyptian hieroglyphs, for example in stelae found near the Suez Canal. Other hieroglyphic text has been found on crockery and pottery vessels that were made in Egypt but excavated at Persepolis, Susa, and possibly Babylonia. A statue of Darius I was also made in Egypt but brought to Susa. [2]
The Chronicle also emphasizes the misrule of the "Medes" (i.e. the Achaemenids) and of the Ptolemies, and prophesies the coming of a native hero who will ascend to the throne and restore an era of order and justice upon Egypt. [2] [3] The anti-Achaemenid themes within the Demotic Chronicle especially focus on Cambyses II, Xerxes I and ...
Xerxes I: 486–465 BC Quelled a revolt in Egypt, [16] then invaded Greece in 480 to finish what his father had started; ravaged Athens after the populace had abandoned the city, but lost sea and land battles at Salamis, Plataea, and Mycale and was forced to withdraw from both the Greek mainland and Anatolian Greece. [17]