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If two or more factors of a polynomial are identical, then the polynomial is a multiple of the square of this factor. The multiple factor is also a factor of the polynomial's derivative (with respect to any of the variables, if several). For univariate polynomials, multiple factors are equivalent to multiple roots (over a suitable extension field).
The polynomial x 2 + cx + d, where a + b = c and ab = d, can be factorized into (x + a)(x + b).. In mathematics, factorization (or factorisation, see English spelling differences) or factoring consists of writing a number or another mathematical object as a product of several factors, usually smaller or simpler objects of the same kind.
There are several ways to find the greatest common divisor of two polynomials. Two of them are: Factorization of polynomials, in which one finds the factors of each expression, then selects the set of common factors held by all from within each set of factors. This method may be useful only in simple cases, as factoring is usually more ...
In algebra, Gauss's lemma, [1] named after Carl Friedrich Gauss, is a theorem [note 1] about polynomials over the integers, or, more generally, over a unique factorization domain (that is, a ring that has a unique factorization property similar to the fundamental theorem of arithmetic).
Polynomial factoring algorithms use basic polynomial operations such as products, divisions, gcd, powers of one polynomial modulo another, etc. A multiplication of two polynomials of degree at most n can be done in O(n 2) operations in F q using "classical" arithmetic, or in O(nlog(n) log(log(n)) ) operations in F q using "fast" arithmetic.
The FOIL rule converts a product of two binomials into a sum of four (or fewer, if like terms are then combined) monomials. [6] The reverse process is called factoring or factorization. In particular, if the proof above is read in reverse it illustrates the technique called factoring by grouping.
A product of monic polynomials is monic. A product of polynomials is monic if and only if the product of the leading coefficients of the factors equals 1. This implies that, the monic polynomials in a univariate polynomial ring over a commutative ring form a monoid under polynomial multiplication.
The result R = 0 occurs if and only if the polynomial A has B as a factor. Thus long division is a means for testing whether one polynomial has another as a factor, and, if it does, for factoring it out. For example, if a root r of A is known, it can be factored out by dividing A by (x – r).