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RNA is susceptible to this base-catalyzed hydrolysis because the ribose sugar in RNA has a hydroxyl group at the 2’ position. [1] This feature makes RNA chemically unstable compared to DNA, which does not have this 2’ -OH group and thus is not susceptible to base-catalyzed hydrolysis. [1] Mechanism of base catalyzed RNA hydrolysis.
RNA is notoriously unstable and vulnerable to ribonucleases, which has thus been an obstacle to the production and analysis of the cellular transcriptome.First referenced by Berger et al., the substance was used to prevent the digestion of RNA during isolation from white blood cells, and was rapidly adopted for such purposes as the acquisition of RNA from green beans.
RNA, initially deemed unsuitable for therapeutics due to its short half-life, has been made useful through advances in stabilization. Therapeutic applications arise as RNA folds into complex conformations and binds proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules to form catalytic centers. [94]
This is due to the fact that the coding strand is single-stranded during transcription, which is chemically more unstable than double-stranded DNA. During elongation of transcription, supercoiling can occur behind an elongating RNA polymerase, leading to single-stranded breaks.
This type of probing assay uses the structure dependent cleavage of RNA; single stranded regions are more flexible and unstable and will degrade over time. [38] The process of in-line probing is often used to determine changes in structure due to ligand binding.
Due to the many possible non-canonical base pairs, there are an unlimited amount of structures, which allows for the diverse functions of RNA. [28] The arrangement of the non-canonical bases also allow long-range RNA interactions, recognition of proteins and other molecules, and structural stabilizing elements. [ 63 ]
A second version of the central dogma is popular but incorrect. This is the simplistic DNA → RNA → protein pathway published by James Watson in the first edition of The Molecular Biology of the Gene (1965). Watson's version differs from Crick's because Watson describes a two-step (DNA → RNA and RNA → protein) process as the central ...
The A-minor motif is among the most common RNA structural motifs in the ribosome, where it contributes to the binding of tRNA to the 23S subunit. [43] They most often stabilize RNA duplex interactions in loops and helices, such as in the core of group II introns. [6] An interesting example of A-minor is its role in anticodon recognition. The ...