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The Big Bang is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature. [1] The notion of an expanding universe was first scientifically originated by physicist Alexander Friedmann in 1922 with the mathematical derivation of the Friedmann equations.
First image, color images and movie of Earth from space taken by a person, by cosmonaut Gherman Titov – the first photographer from space. [25] [26] 1963 KH-7 Gambit: First high-resolution (sub-meter spatial resolution) satellite photography (classified). [27] 1964 Quill: First radar images of Earth from space, using a synthetic aperture ...
The timeline of the early universe outlines the formation and subsequent evolution of the Universe from the Big Bang (13.799 ± 0.021 billion years ago) [1] to the present day. An epoch is a moment in time from which nature or situations change to such a degree that it marks the beginning of a new era or age .
The chronology of the universe describes the history and future of the universe according to Big Bang cosmology.. Research published in 2015 estimates the earliest stages of the universe's existence as taking place 13.8 billion years ago, with an uncertainty of around 21 million years at the 68% confidence level.
Scientists began discovering forms of light which were invisible to the naked eye: X-rays, gamma rays, radio waves, microwaves, ultraviolet radiation, and infrared radiation. This had a major impact on astronomy, spawning the fields of infrared astronomy , radio astronomy , x-ray astronomy and finally gamma-ray astronomy .
The images can be interpreted to indicate that the universe is 13.7 billion years old (within one percent error), and are very consistent with the Lambda-CDM model and the density fluctuations predicted by inflation. Cosmic microwave background as measured by the Cosmic Background Imager experiment. 2003 – The Sloan Great Wall is discovered.
In medieval philosophy, there was much debate over whether the universe had a finite or infinite past (see Temporal finitism).The philosophy of Aristotle held that the universe had an infinite past, which caused problems for past Jewish and Islamic philosophers who were unable to reconcile the Aristotelian conception of the eternal with the Abrahamic view of creation. [2]
Since the start of the Space Age, a great deal of exploration has been performed by robotic spacecraft missions that have been organized and executed by various space agencies. All planets in the Solar System, plus their major moons along some asteroids and comets , have now been visited to varying degrees by spacecraft launched from Earth.