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  2. Abrasion (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrasion_(geology)

    Abrasion is a process of weathering that occurs when material being transported wears away at a surface over time, commonly occurring with ice and glaciers. The primary process of abrasion is physical weathering. Its the process of friction caused by scuffing, scratching, wearing down, marring, and rubbing away of materials.

  3. Exfoliating granite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exfoliating_granite

    Exfoliating slabs of granite, on Half Dome in Yosemite National Park, USA. Exfoliating granite is a granite undergoing exfoliation, or onion skin weathering (desquamation).The external delaminated layers of granite are gradually produced by the cyclic variations of temperature at the surface of the rock in a process also called spalling.

  4. Weathering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weathering

    Thermal stress weathering is an important mechanism in deserts, where there is a large diurnal temperature range, hot in the day and cold at night. [14] As a result, thermal stress weathering is sometimes called insolation weathering, but this is misleading. Thermal stress weathering can be caused by any large change of temperature, and not ...

  5. Diatom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatom

    Download as PDF; Printable version ... weathering, and hydrothermal activity. ... gradients at the onset of major ice sheet expansion on Antarctica and progressive ...

  6. Exfoliation joint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exfoliation_joint

    Exfoliation joints following the topography of inclined valley walls, bedrock hill slopes, and cliffs can create rock blocks that are particularly prone to sliding. Especially when the toe of the slope is undercut (naturally or by human activity), sliding along exfoliation joint planes is likely if the joint dip exceeds the joint's frictional ...

  7. Carbonate–silicate cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate–silicate_cycle

    This figure describes the geological aspects and processes of the carbonate silicate cycle, within the long-term carbon cycle. The carbonate–silicate geochemical cycle, also known as the inorganic carbon cycle, describes the long-term transformation of silicate rocks to carbonate rocks by weathering and sedimentation, and the transformation of carbonate rocks back into silicate rocks by ...

  8. Foliation (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foliation_(geology)

    Each layer can be as thin as a sheet of paper, or over a meter in thickness. [1] The word comes from the Latin folium , meaning "leaf", and refers to the sheet-like planar structure. [ 1 ] It is caused by shearing forces (pressures pushing different sections of the rock in different directions), or differential pressure (higher pressure from ...

  9. Blockfield - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockfield

    In a felsenmeer or blockfield, freeze-thaw weathering has broken up the top layer of the rock, covering the underlying rock formation with jagged, angular boulders. Freeze-thaw or frost weathering occurs when water that is trapped along microcracks in rock expands and contracts due to fluctuations in temperature above and below the freezing point.